Harrow (tool)
A harrow is an agricultural harrow with tines, which are moved through the soil. It is used to loosen the top layer of soil to break up clods of earth to make a good crumbling for seedbed preparation and to combat weeds. In the broadcast sowing the harrow is used for incorporation of the seed. Harrows can sharply interfere with the ground more or less. Very light harrows is also called curry comb, deep working harrows can be even called a cultivator.
- 2.7.1 Spatenrollegge
Importance
Originally, the harrow of a zinc frame, first made of wood, later exclusively made of steel.
The word syllable egg has the same origin as the Latin acer for, sharp, cutting '.
Eggen generate due to a large number of zinc a relatively fine soil condition, they were next to the plow, the main tool of their farmers. Some severe types can also be used for stubble or for conservation tillage.
However, the harrow can also be used for weed control or leveling of uneven field. By loosening and crumbling of the upper soil layer, the soil capillaries are broken at the same time and thus reduces the evaporation of soil moisture. It is pulled by draft animals or tractors.
Harrows by Type
For different applications, there is a wide selection of Harrows types. In addition to the traditional zinc harrows, harrows with and without drive in use.
Eggen without drive, so drawn or driven across the floor harrows are divided into zinc harrows and disc harrows. The disc harrow, also called disk-harrow, is a special form. The disc harrows includes the harrow.
Are driven by the PTO, among other things, the harrow or rotary cultivator and harrow. All modern driven harrows usually have a directly mounted roller as a support, depth control and reconsolidation of the soil.
Tine
The zinc harrows are divided into harrows with rigid tines and the Federzinkenegge / Federzahnegge (also cultivators or Saatbeetkombinationen called ). Special forms are Löffelegge, Netzegge, Taumelegge and Meadow.
Netzegge
The Netzegge (also called harrow ) consists of a net-like wire mesh, in which the tines are secured also made of wire. This Eggenart is particularly flexible and therefore adapts to any floor unevenness on. It is used for weed control; tear their teeth or spill due to their circling, touching movements weed seedlings and young plantlets, whereas the already more developed crop plants are not damaged permanently. Due to the lightweight construction and the low working depth harrow is much easier to pull than other types of harrows. It therefore needs despite their generally larger working width only light care as tractors tractors while still achieving large area output per hour. It can be used due to their low operating depth shortly before the emergence of the culture.
Meadow or Grünlandegge / grassland harrow
In the Meadow is a special harrow for use on lawns. It is used there to removal of moss, the leveling out of molehills or the even distribution of manure, cow dung or manure crusts. In addition, their use will damage the turf and thus stimulated to grow.
The Meadow can also be used for leveling trotting tracks, riding arenas, or just the leveling of earth. The harrow comprises a frame, hanging in the steel plates with short tines at the bottom.
The modern type of grassland maintenance is a grassland weeder performed (with and without Untersaatgerät ). Planierschienen are paving molehills and cow dung, the harrow tines take over the distribution of the organic material. In addition, they aerate the turf, tear tangles and to create by Ausstriegeln weed gaps, which are closed by means of reseeding with precious seed. Grassland maintenance not only increases the yield and nutritional value, it also reduces weed pressure, because the emergence of gaps where weeds can grow, is prevented. As an option, the grassland harrow can be equipped with pressure rollers.
Harrow
The harrow or rotary harrow is an agricultural implement for soil cultivation, especially for seedbed preparation before sowing. The harrow is usually associated in the three-point hitch with a tractor that drives the device using a drive shaft. The hinge shaft carries a bevel gear which, in turn, depending on the working width of a plurality of rotors drives, which are uniformly distributed at intervals of 25 cm or 30 cm in a row on the tool carrier. Each rotor is fitted on a vertical shaft with a pair of prongs that is attached to a tine holder. The tines, also called gyros knife, have a length of about 25 cm and work function of the auszusäenden crop in different soil depths. The operating speed is 6 to 10 km / h with a speed of the rotors of about 350 to 420/min.
The harrow is up to 4.5 m available in working widths of 2.5 m in rigid construction, while the larger working widths (up to 8 m) are hydraulically foldable for transport. On the harrow and a drill can be set up to reduce the separate sowing operation on an operation, which means cost savings and soil protection.
Rotary cultivator
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The rotary cultivator is a variant of the harrow, which differs from the latter in that the tines are not depressed, but mounted " on hold ". The gyros are located at a distance of about 30 cm, whereas the majority of power harrows have a centrifugal radius of 25 cm and thus intensive work on plowed ground. Rotary cultivator with " tines to handle " are mainly used for mulch (no plow ) to mix stubble and possibly straw with the ground. The tine tips of the rotary harrow point vertically downwards. The tines of a rotary cultivator are slightly bent. The coulters of the drill place the seed directly from the mulched soil. When the drill is connected to the power harrow / cultivator, soil preparation and sowing is carried out in one operation.
Tine rotor ( harrow )
At a Zinkenrotoregge the tines are mounted on a rotor, similar to a milling machine. The Zinkenrotoregge can be used both for stubble as well as from already cultivated fields. Since no previous tillage is necessary, the Zinkenrotoregge can be used for soil-conserving processing. However, it is a sufficiently motorized tractor required (at least 50 hp per meter working width).
Reciprocating
The harrow consists of only two parallel, transversely mounted to the direction of zinc bar with rigid, vertical harrow tines, similar to the Starrzinkenegge, as in the picture above. By an oscillating drive ( wobble drive = Taumelegge ), the two harrow bars in opposite, laterally oscillating movement of about 10 cm brought, which makes this device generates a crumbling effect similar to the power harrow. Rütteleggen are much lighter than power harrows and are more suitable for light soils or in smaller clods. Large, sticky clods are broken slowly and ensure Erdanhäufungen before the zinc bar and thus bumps. Larger working depths often lead to side raised, unwanted earthworks and therefore can not often be used.
Disc harrow or disk-harrow
The disc harrow (also called disk-harrow ) consists of curved glass, the tilted rotating the ground similar to the plow cut and mix. Most work two opposing disc beam - often in the front row with serrated and provided in the back row with smooth wheels - together to cut the whole soil horizon. It offers the advantage of so-called failure of grain ( at harvest from the combine fallen out grains) to get faster to germinate and thus accelerate the emergence.
Classic disc harrows have all slices of a series on an axis inclined and therefore have a greater length than Stubble cultivator whose discs are mounted separately at an angle and therefore requiring lower lengths. Stubble can therefore be rather carried on the three-point linkage as a classic disc harrows, which are generally equipped with its own chassis. The working speed is about 10 km / h The operating speed of Stubble cultivator is higher, usually at 12-15 km / h
Spatenrollegge
Developed in Finland Spatenrollegge (also called flights Legge ) is a much lighter version of the disc harrow. It has, instead of the discs only single " spade ", quasi -disc segments, which is particularly suitable for tillage in stubble stand. The working speed is about 12 km / h