Heart Sutra

The Heart Sutra or Sutra of the highest wisdom is one of the most famous Buddhist Mahayana Sutras. Other names: The essence of the sublime Hinübergelangens to the other side of Wisdom ( Sutra ); as well as Sanskrit, n: प्रज्ञपारमिता हॄदयसूत्र ( Prajñāpāramitā Hṛdayasūtra ), Korean: 마하 반야 바라밀다 심경 ( Maha - banya -para- milda - simgyeong ), also: 반야 심경, Vietnamese: Kinh Ma Ha Bat Nha Ba La Mat ( Bat Nha Tam Kinh ), Chinese :摩诃 般若 波罗蜜 多心 经/摩诃 般若 波罗蜜 多心 经, Mohe Bore bōluómìduō Xinjing, Japanese:般若 心 経Hannya Shingyo, Tibetan: sNying mDo and shes rab snying po'i mdo.

Description

The Sutra is characterized by extreme brevity and precision, the calligraphy - see below Web Links - fits on one page. There are two versions ( a longer and a shorter ), which agree in their doctrine, with the longer text but also sets out the circumstances of the transfer. It is particularly studied in Zen and recited. Sometimes the sutra is written in the Chinese version in the form of a five- level pagoda with a long tip.

The Heart Sutra is also considered as most concise summary of the so-called Prajñāpāramitā literature, a six- hundred -volume processing of Buddha's teaching. Much of the literature Prajñāpāramitā was decisively influenced by Nagarjuna and commented, the 14th patriarch in the line of Buddhas, one of the first writers and philosophers of Mahayana. The Chinese translation of the Sutra comes from Kumarajiva from 401 to 402 A later translation is by Master Xuanzang (Japanese Genjo ) from the 7th century

In the Sutra of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara the Shariputra advised of the transcendent spiritual experience. One of the key phrases of this is in Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese Translation: " Shiki soku ze kū, kū soku ze shiki ", often rendered as "Form is emptiness, emptiness is form." The core point of the Heart Sutra represents the mantra with which the sutra concludes: "Gate Gate Pāragate Pārasamgate Bodhi Svaha. " This is not translated into the Chinese version, but only according to written reproduced with Chinese characters. According to Edward Conze, the mantra could be approximately translated as "Gone, gone, gone beyond, gone altogether beyond, O what awakening to, all hail! " ( Gone, gone, gone over, completely gone over, oh what an awakening, perfect blessing! )

Japanese tradition

The Japanese company can claim to have the original Sanskrit Scripture of the Heart Sutra in their possession. As Hannya Shin- gyō, which itself again abbreviation for Makahannyaharamita Shin- gyō, translated by Kumarajiva (NJ 19), then Xuanzang (NJ 20). In Japan transcript obtained from Tempyo 5th year ( 734) as " Herzenssūtra ". Further written off as Hannya haramita -dai -shin - gyō in Tempyo 10 ( 738). As Shin Hannya Kyo Hoki 3rd year ( 772 ). Therefore, in the literature often change the name. The comment of the Chiko Hannya Shingyo - Shutsugi is preserved in a copy from the 4th year of Shoho ( 752 ). An early Japanese comment there by the hand Enchins ( = Chishō Daishi ). In the 9th century, the Sutra has often been ( with others) offered as tendoku during earthquakes, epidemics, drought, etc..

The Japanese Zen master Taisen Deshimaru Rōshi however, puts in his commentary is to the fact that the translation of kū ( Skt. sunyata ) as the emptiness falls short. According to him, Avalokiteshvara is aimed as a symbol of compassion to Shariputra, who is the symbol of reason, by leading him the impermanence of all things in mind, with the attitude to always consider both aspects of a phenomenon witnessed compassion. Far from nihilism to preach the word ( the might suggest a superficial interpretation of kū ), the Heart Sutra teaches freedom from attachment, which produces compassion.

Korean tradition

In Korea, the sutra is called usually abbreviated: Maha - banya -para- mida - simgyeong → Banya - simgyeong ( 반야 심경: [ paɲaʃimgjəŋ ] ). It is probably the most widely read Sutra ever. It will be read at each ceremony so many temples, visitors can memorize it.

In the Tripitaka Koreana, there are about seven different Hanja translations of the sutra with slightly different name endings. There is next to complete translation also some abridged versions. In Korea, the translation from the Chinese monk Xuanzang ( Korean: Hyeonjang 현장 ) is read from the Tang period the most.

The Korean-American Zen Master Seung Sahn leaves the ' kū ' Heart Sutra 'Formula ' translate ' emptiness '. " Form is not different from emptiness, emptiness is not different from form "

Tibetan tradition

The Tibetan lama of the Gelugpa school Geshe Rabten translated: " For this reason, Shariputra, in emptiness there is no body, no feeling ... ". In Kanjur of the Tibetan Buddhist canon is found in the Tantra section.

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