Heart valve
The four heart valves act as valves in the heart and prevent backflow of blood into the wrong direction.
Survey
Each half of the heart has a sail flap ( atrioventricular valve ) and a pocket flap ( semilunar valve ). The atrioventricular valves between atrium and ventricle and bicuspid valve or mitral valve hot (left) and tricuspid valve (right). The pocket flaps are each between chamber and Ausstromgefäß and hot pulmonary valve (right) and aortic valve (left).
The aortic valve is formed together with the pulmonary valve in the 5th - 7th Week of embryonic development. Heart valves consist of folds of the endocardium, which open and close concentrically. Normal heart valves do not represent a significant resistance to blood flow, as this simply expresses the open state against the heart wall. The is followed by the reverse flow develops the heart valves and thus closes the current path. At the atrioventricular valves, the turning of the valve leaflets are prevented in the wrong direction by chordae that are tightened during systole of the papillary muscles of the respective ventricle.
The pocket flaps cause the slamming of the second heart sound.
The valves and their parts
Tricuspid valve
The " inlet valve " between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the tricuspid valve ( valva atrioventricularis artery ). It usually consists of three (tri ) Sailing ( = cusp tip, tip):
- Cusp angularis ( cranio- medial)
- Cusp parietal ( lateral)
- Septal cusp ( caudal ).
Pulmonary valve
The " exhaust " between the right ventricle and the pulmonary circulation is called pulmonary valve ( valva pulmonary trunk ). It is designed as a pocket flap normally with a three crescent-shaped flap pockets ( valvulae semilunares ) that prevent the backflow of blood into the right ventricle during diastole. During systole, the flap opens when the pressure in the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery in excess.
Mitral valve ( bicuspid valve )
The " inlet valve " between the left atrium (atrium sinistrum ) and the left ventricle ( ventriculus sinister) is called bicuspid valve ( valva atrioventricularis sinistra ). This flap has two ( bi) leaflets ( cuspides, singular cuspis ):
- Anterior cusp ( in veterinary anatomy: septal cusp )
- Cusp posterior ( in veterinary anatomy: cusp parietalis )
She reminds in its shape to a miter, and is therefore also known as mitral valve ( mitral valva ) respectively.
Aortic valve
The " exhaust " of the left ventricle to the aorta is the aortic valve ( aortic valve ). It is designed as a pocket flap with three pockets ( valvulae semilunares ).
- Valvula semilunaris artery or right flap pocket
- Valvula semilunaris sinistra or left flap pocket
- Valvula semilunaris posterior or rear flap pocket
People with congenital aortic valve two - taschigen have an increased risk of aortic valve stenosis and aortic dissections.
Diseases of the heart valves
Narrowing of the heart valves are called stenosis ( aortic stenosis → innate and acquired aortic stenosis ), final inabilities as insufficiencies (→ aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation ). They are the most common cause of abnormal heart murmurs.
If there is inflammation of the endocardium, it can be used for shrinkage, scarring and " bonding " are single or multiple flaps that can have both valvular stenosis and valvular insufficiency result.
Is a heart valve from birth to malformed or has changed pathologically in the course of life, it can be replaced with an artificial heart valve.