Heian-kyō

Heian - kyō (Japanese平安 京, literally "imperial residence city of peace and tranquility ") was the original name for the modern city of Kyoto, which was 794-1868 seat of the imperial court, and thus the capital of Japan.

Heian - kyō was mainly the Heian period (794-1185) its name and brought the court life to unique flower.

History

Emperor Kammu moved the seat of government of 784 Heijo - kyō (now Nara ) to Nagaoka - kyō to the excessive political influence of the Buddhist sects to master and to strengthen the ritsuryō system. After the assassination of the greatest proponent of the move, Fujiwara no Tanetsugu, the banishment and death of the throne Prince Sawara a brother KamMus, as well as several natural disasters that have been interpreted as revenge Sawaras, the further construction of the capital came to a standstill. Wake no Kiyomaru advised the emperor, a capital in the large basin of the province of Yamashiro between the rivers Katsuragawa and Kamogawa - protected from typhoons by the surrounding mountains - to build. Fujiwara no Ogurimaru received 793 the imperial command, the new capital in the checkered pattern, following the example of the Chinese capital of the Tang Dynasty Chang'an, today's Xi'an to build. Except for an interruption in 1180, when the capital was moved for half a year after Fukuhara - kyō, was Heian - kyō more than a thousand years without interruption, the capital of Japan.

The unofficial beginning designation Kyoto (京都, " capital, the imperial residence " ) had already been in use for Nara period for the capital Heijo - kyō and displaced by the end of the 11th century the name Heian - kyō.

Construction and Palace

The rectangular area of about 4,500 m (east-west ) by 5200 m ( north-south) were out of the two state- maintained temples on the southern gate, the Sai -ji (西 寺) and the Tō -ji (东 寺), no Buddhist institutions allowed. The Heian Palace ( Greater Palace ) was located in an inner rectangle on the northern "head" of the city.

The main street Suzaku ōji (朱雀 大路, dt "Main Street of the Red Bird " ) the south ran from the Suzaku - mon at the Imperial Palace to the Rajo - mon, divided Heian - kyō in a seen from the Kaiser, "left district " ( Sakyō ) and a " rights district " ( Ukyo ). The major east-west streets Ōji were numbered from north to south to 9 ( Kujo- Ōji ). Designations and floor plan have largely maintained over the widespread destruction of the Ōnin War in the 15th century to today.

As illustrated by the adjacent map of Kyoto, only the Sakyō was left in 1910, however. In return, the city had expanded in the Muromachi period to the east and to the north of the old city boundaries. The Imperial Palace in the black rectangle was long gone, today's ( red rectangle ) is located on the eastern edge of the old city. The train station ( in orange ) is located 8 to 9 crossroad.

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