Heinrich Caro
Heinrich Caro ( born February 13, 1834 in Poznan, † September 11, 1910 in Dresden ) was a German chemist.
Life and achievements
Caro was born the son of a director of a cereal company in Poznan. In 1842 he went to Berlin to a grammar school and then studied at the Commercial Institute in Berlin and the Berlin University of the chemistry. In 1850 he was co-founder of the Association of German Engineers. In 1855 he moved to Mülheim ad Ruhr, there to learn the dyeing and calico printing. In November 1859 Caro traveled to Manchester at a dyeing and printing ( Roberts, Dale & Co.). He used aniline dyeing of fabrics. There he quickly became part owner of a newly affiliated colors factory because he could contribute to significant improvements in the Mauvein production.
As Caro was in London, he met Johann Peter semolina. During this time he also developed yellow dyes (for example: amidoazobenzene and Indulin ) and Dinitronaphthol and married an Englishwoman Sarah Eaton ( 1842-1917 ). His contacts ranged up to Ludwig Mond and Friedrich Engels. Part of his employees were Caro's children.
However, health problems led to a return to Germany. In 1867 he sold his company shares to study in Palermo at the Italian chemist Stanislao Cannizzaro, the structural chemistry of aromatic compounds. On 10 May 1865, the Baden Aniline and Soda Factory was founded. On November 1, 1868 Caro mitleitender director next to the BASF - founder Friedrich Engelhorn, BASF.
Carl Graebe and Carl Liebermann, who had discovered a synthesis of alizarin, came in 1869 in connection with Caro. In addition to building a company's own research laboratories his first big project was the large-scale synthesis of alizarin. The same work done by Carl Graebe and Carl Liebermann also taking advantage of William Henry Perkin, the same procedure for patent when, only a day later. Both, however, agreed quickly on a joint marketing, which ultimately BASF international reputation and Access brought to the world market.
In 1876 Caro founded with Otto Nikolaus Witt by the discovery of the chrysoidine Azofarbstoffindustrie. A year later, let Caro methylene blue, the first patent on colors in Germany, patented. Later he synthesized together with Adolf von Baeyer an indigo dye ( Little Indigo ).
His other work included the development of fast red, eosin, malachite green and Aurin and the isolation of acridine. Caro's acid, peroxomonosulfuric ( H2SO5 ), was named after him. 1884 Caro was a board member of BASF and moved in 1890 to the Supervisory Board.
His tomb in the main cemetery Mannheim is a Marmorädikula on getreppten base with Segmentausbuchtung. Doric columns and a triangular pediment with palm fronds relief and drapery. In the middle of a stretched, ornamented with ivy umlegte bill urn on a pedestal in the niche.
Caro was an honorary doctor of several universities and Baden Councilor. To him, a street was named in the Maxdorfer BASF settlement Carostraße honor.