Heinrich Karl Brugsch

Heinrich Ferdinand Karl Brugsch ( born February 18, 1827 in Berlin, † 9 September 1894 in Charlottenburg, also called Heinrich Brugsch - Pasha ) was a German Egyptologist.

Life

Heinrich Brugsch was born the son of a Prussian military family. His parents Ernst Wilhelm and Dorothea planned for him first a baptism according to the Protestant confession, but according to the will of his Silesian grandfather Johann Heinrich Karl Brugsch eventually received the sacrament of baptism as a Catholic.

Heinrich developed a very early interest in the works of Greek historian and the descriptions in the Bible. He attended the French Gymnasium Berlin, where he was a former comrade of his father, the extremely strict professor carbon home assumed. End of the school year 1834 Brugsch got a bad certificate is issued and then moved into Köllnische grammar school, where he developed into a true model student. Specifically supported by his teachers and motivated to power, he simultaneously developed a strong interest in the culture of Ancient Egypt.

The royal collection of Egyptian antiquities in the Castle Monbijou sought Brugsch to frequently and began there the foundations of the ancient Egyptian writing and language teaching. The museum's director, Giuseppe Passalacqua, promoted the efforts of the young enthusiasts, and made him his library accessible. The helpful support prompted Henry to deal with the constitution of a grammar of Demotic.

Karl Richard Lepsius was aware of the young high school and was looking for his parents house to make inquiries about him. Probably because of his personal dislike of Passalacqua classified Lepsius, Brugsch, however, only as a mediocre student without a lot of potential.

1845 joined Brugsch into the fraternity Teutonia Berlin. Despite irregular school attendance was Brugsch in 1848 not only a high school Köllnischen high school, but he was his first signature Scriptura Aegyptiorum demotica published in the same year in which he described himself as Discipulus prima classis gymnasii realistic. In it, he portrayed himself to the genius cryptanalysts the demotic script, but he was able to draw on previous work Thomas Young. King Frederick William IV and Alexander von Humboldt were attentive to him and encouraged Brugsch in every possible way. An attempt Brugsch to attend lectures before passing the baccalaureate at Karl Richard Lepsius, was rejected by Lepsius. Even later could not be improved the ratio to Lepsius.

Such support, he was able to undertake study trips to Paris, London and Turin, almost without any worries. He took his studies of philology and archeology in Berlin and could after graduation at the expense of the king in 1853 undertake a scientific trip to Egypt. Here he met the French explorer Auguste Mariette, who conducted excavations at Memphis.

1851 married Brugsch in Berlin Pauline Harcke; with her he had a daughter and three sons, according to other data, two daughters and four sons. One of the witnesses was an Alexander von Humboldt.

1854, after his return, he completed his habilitation at the University of Berlin with a thesis on Hegel's philosophy. In addition to his appointment as Assistant Professor, he was also an assistant at the Egyptian Museum, which was then led by Giuseppe " Joseph " Passalacqua.

A second journey took him from 1857 to 1858 back to Egypt. Their results were published in 1857-1860, and thus created the basis for the entire research of pre-Greek Geography of Egypt and its neighboring countries.

In an official capacity, he accompanied a Prussian legation under the leadership of Baron Julius von Minutoli to Persia ( May 1860-June 1861 ). Founded in Berlin in 1864 Brugsch the Journal of Egyptian language and archeology, which is the oldest Egyptological journal today.

In the fall of 1864 Brugsch was appointed to the Prussian consul in Cairo.

In 1867 he issued his Hieroglyphic -demo matic dictionary has been moved to Leipzig. In the preface to this large-scale four-volume work (1728 pages) Brugsch still felt compelled to defend himself against the charge that his plan was premature, as the meaning of many words would be far too uncertain. The number of entries had risen to 4650 and in alphabetical order by their transcription. Brugsch simply assumed that the user of his dictionary should have learned to read the ancient Egyptian writings and transcribe. For this transcription he used no longer the Coptic letters, such as Jean -François Champollion, but Latin with diacritics. Brugsch hieroglyphic - hieratic and remove genetic material had equally. Even 13 years later ( 1880-1882 ) he completed his dictionary with three other volumes, with scarcely less ( 1418 ) Sites as the first four, and with the same number, some new revised lemmas.

1868 Brugsch returned back to Germany, where he married his second wife Antonie Verständig ( from the marriage went further five sons forth, including the physician Theodor Brugsch ) and became a professor of Egyptology at the University of Göttingen. Here, however, he could be difficult to settle into the scientific community, and so he followed in 1870 the invitation of the Viceroy of Egypt, Ismail Pasha, head of the Ecole d' erected in Cairo to take Egyptologie. Yet his brother Emil Brugsch accompanied him.

In 1873 he was elevated to the rank of Bey. In the same year Brugsch Egypt represented at the World Exhibition in Vienna. Four years later, 1877, he represented this country on the industrial exhibition in Philadelphia.

After the viceroy was overthrown, Brugsch in 1879 returned back to Berlin. He hoped to be appointed to succeed Auguste Mariette in the Department of Antiquities of Egypt, although up to Nasser's times only Frenchmen were used.

In 1881 he received from Tawfiq, son and successor of Ismail Pasha as viceroy, the title of Pasha. In the same year he accompanied the Crown Prince of Austria, Rudolf von Habsburg, Philae. The years 1882 and 1883 he spent with Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia Nicholas traveling through Egypt and Syria.

Back in Berlin, saw Brugsch as a lecturer at the university. In 1884 he was asked to travel as a member of a German embassy to Persia. He was accredited as a counselor of legation at the court of the Shah.

1891 and 1892 he returned one last time to Egypt and the Libyan desert to acquire Egyptian Antiquities behalf of the state.

At the age of 67 years Heinrich Brugsch died on 9 September 1894 in Charlottenburg. He was buried in the Protestant cemetery Luis III. As a grave stone served the lid of a sarcophagus from the Egyptian Old Kingdom.

Publications

• Read books online at Internet Archive
• Scriptura Aegyptiorum demotica. 1848
• Numerorum apud veteres Aegyptios demoticorum doctrina. 1849
• The inscription of Rosetta. 1850
• Travelogues from Egypt. 1855
• Monuments de l' Égypte. 1857
• Geographical inscriptions of ancient Egyptian monuments. 3 vols 1857-1860
• Recueil des monuments égyptiens. 6 Tle 1862-1885
• Travel the royal Prussian embassy to Persia. 2 vols 1862/1863
• Hieroglyphic -demo matic dictionary. 7 vols 1867-1882
• Trip to the great oasis El Khargeh in the Libyan desert: description of its monuments. In 1878.
• Dictionnaire de l' ancienne Egypte Geographical location. 2 vols 1879-80.
• Prince Frederick Charles in the East. 1884
• In the land of the Shah. 1886
• Stone inscription and Bible word. 1891
• From the East: Old and new. 1893
• My life and hiking. 1894
• With and Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria. ( Part I). In: Daily Mail, 30 Year, No 63/ 1894 March 18, 1894, pp. 1-2 ( online at ANNO ) Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt, With and Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria. ( Part II). In: Daily Mail, 30th year, no 64/1894, March 20, 1894, pp. 1-2 ( online at ANNO ) Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt.
• In Bismarck in St. Petersburg and Berlin. In: Daily Mail, 30th year, no 67/1894, March 23, 1894, pp. 1-2 ( online at ANNO ) Template: ANNO / Maintenance / tpt.