Heinrich Marschner

Heinrich August Marschner ( born August 16, 1795 in Zittau, † December 14, 1861 in Hannover ) was a German Romantic composer, Kapellmeister in Dresden and Leipzig, 1831 Royal Kapellmeister in Hanover until the line lock, then in 1852 at the Opera House Hannover. His operas made ​​him between 1830 and 1850 as one of the leading German opera composers of the time and are considered as an important link between the works of Carl Maria von Weber and Richard Wagner.

Life

Heinrich August Marschner was born the son of a Bohemian craftsman. Early on, he began to compose and layer was taken under the wing of his mentor, Thomas cantor Johann Gottfried.

In 1817 he was the music teacher of Count Zichy in Bratislava. During these years, he began writing his first operas. So, among other things, the opera Henry IV and D' Aubigné, which was premiered at Carl Maria von Weber in 1820 in Dresden. In 1821 he moved to Dresden, where he was from 1824 to Director of Music at the Opera House. Unsuccessful in 1825 the comic Singspiel premiered in Dresden The wood Thief, His 1822 completed major opera Lucretia, whose Gaspare Spontini model Vestal was, then came with his wife Marianne born Wohlbrück ( 1805-1854 ) in the title role in Gdansk out. His breakthrough as widely recognized composer Marschner scored 1828 with Der Vampyr and 1829 with The Knights Templar and the Jewess (both librettos: Wilhelm August Wohlbrück ) at the Leipzig Stadttheater. In 1831 he was Kapellmeister of the opera in Hanover. During his time in Hanover, he also created his most important work, the Hans Heiling, which should be a key work of the German romantic opera. The libretto was supplied by the singer and actor Philipp Eduard Devrient.

The composition of this opera Marschner was at the height of his career. He was also successful with the succession works for some time, but outshone him the glory of Giacomo Meyerbeer or later those of Richard Wagner. The hope in Berlin successor Spontini to be at the Court Opera, were not fulfilled. So Marschner remained until 1859 at the opera in Hanover.

In his last years, in which he even did seek to have success in Paris, Marschner was almost forgotten. He died in 1861 in Hanover. His tomb is located on the local New Town Cemetery. At the George Street is a memorial to him.

Marschner's widow later married the Austrian composer Otto Bach.

Hans Joachim Moser writes:

During his lifetime he enjoyed high esteem among his fellow musicians such as Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann and Richard Wagner, who led the dramatic recitative perfected in Marschner in his music tragedies. The title characters Marschner in his operas are by preference spooky demonic types, which often have a split personality, which eventually also embody a romantic hero. Marschner's most famous melody comes from his romantic opera Hans Heiling and gained their fame by Antonín Dvořák, who used it in his Symphony From the New World.

In Berlin, Dresden, Leipzig, Hanover, Munich, Vienna and Zittau streets are named after Marschner. A plaque on the Ranstädter Steinweg in Leipzig refers to the Gasthaus Zur golden lute, in the Marschner 1827 to 1828 and lived his opera Der Vampyr completed.

Operas

  • Titus (fragment ), a serious opera, 1817
  • The Kyffhaeuser mountain, comic opera in one act, 1817 ( Premiere: January 2, 1822 at the Municipal Theatre in Zittau )
  • Saidar and Zuleime Romantic opera in three acts, 1818 ( Premiere: November 26, 1818 at the Schauspielhaus Pressburg )
  • Henry IV and D' Aubigné, Opera in three acts, 1819 ( Premiere: July 19, 1820 in Dresden Court Theatre )
  • The Silent People (planned), Magic Match, 1818
  • The wood thief, Comic Opera in one act, (World Premiere: February 22, 1825 in Dresden Court Theatre )
  • Lucretia, Large serious opera in two acts, ( Premiere: January 17, 1827 in the Municipal Theatre Danzig)
  • Der Vampyr, Romantic opera in two acts, ( Premiere: March 29, 1828 in Leipzig Stadttheater )
  • The Templar and the Jewess, Great romantic opera in three acts ( Premiere: December 22, 1829 at the Municipal Theatre Leipzig), by Walter Scott's Ivanhoe
  • Falconer Bride Comic opera in three acts ( Premiere: March 10, 1832 in Leipzig Stadttheater )
  • Hans Heiling, Romantic opera with a prologue and three acts ( Libretto: Eduard Devrient, premiere: May 24, 1833 in the Royal Court Opera, Berlin)
  • The lock on Etna, Great romantic opera in three acts ( Premiere: January 29, 1836 in Leipzig Stadttheater )
  • The Bäbu, Comic opera in three acts ( Premiere: February 19, 1838 at the Royal Court Theatre Hannover)
  • Ali Baba ( Premiere: July 22, 1823 in Dresden )
  • The Wiener in Berlin
  • Fridthjof 's Saga
  • Emperor Adolph of Nassau, Opera in four acts, ( Premiere: January 5, 1845 in the Royal Saxon Court Theatre Dresden)
  • Austin, Romantic opera in four acts, ( Premiere: January 25, 1852 in Hanover Court Theatre )
  • Sangeskönig Hiarne and Tyrfingschwert, Great romantic opera in four acts, ( Premiere: September 13, 1863 at the National Theatre Frankfurt am Main )

Incidental music

  • Prinz Friedrich von Homburg ( Heinrich von Kleist ), 1821
  • Beautiful Ella 1822
  • The Goldsmith of Ulm 1856
  • The Hermann Battle ( Heinrich von Kleist )

Awards

  • Dr. phil. h c. the University of Leipzig, 1834
  • Honorary Member of the Society of Friends of Music of the Austrian Empire in Vienna, 1841
  • Member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Arts, Berlin, Department of Music (proposed by Giacomo Meyerbeer ), 1845
  • Honorary member of the Vocal Association and the Reform Club, London, 1857
  • Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Music, London, 1859
  • General Music Director of the King of Hanover, 1859
Visiting card Leineschloss Johann Gottfried Schicht Altes Theater (Leipzig) Vincenzo Bellini Giovanni Pacini Die Hermannsschlacht (Kleist) Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Neue Deutsche Biographie Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart Integrated Authority File
382116
de