Henri Becquerel

Antoine -Henri Becquerel (* December 15, 1852 in Paris, † August 25 1908 in Le Croisic (Loire -Atlantique ) ) was a French physicist. He received in 1903 together with Marie and Pierre Curie received the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of radioactivity. His father was Alexandre Edmond Becquerel, who discovered the photoelectric effect.

Life and work

Henri Becquerel began his academic career in 1876 as an assistant at the École polytechnique, the chair of physics he received in 1895. In 1896, he experimented with the phosphorescence of uranium salts. After Becquerel had put on some deposited in a dark room preparations a photographic plate, he remarked on 1 March 1896 that the plate was blackened, although no light could come up. This was an indication that a radiation exists that does not belong to the spectrum of visible light and which he called uranium rays. Similar properties have also discovered shortly before X-rays and cathode rays. Henri Becquerel had discovered with this experiment, the radioactivity. In 1900, he demonstrated in other research shows that out of the fast electrons escaping the nucleus ( β radiation) are magnetically deflected.

Becquerel led next important research by the phosphorescence spectroscopy and absorption of light.

Honors

Writings (selection )

  • Sur les radiations émises par phosphorescence. In: Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des sciences. Volume 122, 1896, pp. 420-421 (online).
  • Sur les radiations invisibles émises par les corp s phosphorescents. In: Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des sciences. Volume 122, 1896, pp. 501-503 (online).
  • Sur quelquer propriétés nouvelles of radiations invisibles émises par divers corps phosphorescents. In: Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des sciences. Volume 122, 1896, pp. 559-564 (online).
  • Sur les radiations invisibles émises par les sels d' uranium. In: Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des sciences. Volume 122, 1896, pp. 689-694 (online).
  • Sur les propriétés différentes of radiations invisibles émises par les sels d' uranium, et du rayonnement de la paroi anticathodique d'un tube de Crookes. In: Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des sciences. Volume 122, 1896, pp. 762-767 (online).
  • Émission de nouvelles par l' uranium radiation métallique. In: Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des sciences. Volume 122, 1896, pp. 1086-1088 (online).
  • Sur diverses propriétés of rayons uraniques. In: Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des sciences. Volume 123, 1896, pp. 1086-1088 (online).
  • Recherches sur les rayons uraniques. In: Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des sciences. Volume 124, 1897, pp. 438-444 (online).
  • Sur la loi de la décharge dans l' air de l' uranium Electrisé. In: Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des sciences. Volume 124, 1897, pp. 800-803 (online).
  • Influence d'un champ magnétique sur le corps rayonnement of radio- actifs. In: Comptes Rendus de l' Académie des sciences. Volume 129, 1899, pp. 996-1001 (online).
  • Sur le rayonnement de l' uranium et sur ​​diverses proprietes physiques you rayonnement corps of radio- actifs. In: repeat presentes au Congrès international de physique Réunion à Paris en 1900 sous les auspices de la Société française de physique. Volume 3, Gauthier -Villars, Paris, 1900, pp. 47-78.
A. E. Becquerel Atomic nucleus Rumford Medal Deutsches Historisches Museum Hendrik Lorentz Pieter Zeeman Gabriel Lippmann Karl Ferdinand Braun Guglielmo Marconi Wilhelm Wien Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Johannes Stark Albert Einstein Niels Bohr James Franck Gustav Ludwig Hertz Jean-Baptiste Perrin C. V. Raman Werner Heisenberg James Chadwick Clinton Davisson George Paget Thomson Enrico Fermi Ernest Lawrence Otto Stern Felix Bloch Max Born Polykarp Kusch John Bardeen Owen Chamberlain Robert Hofstadter Alfred Kastler Martin Ryle Antony Hewish James Rainwater Burton Richter Robert Woodrow Wilson Abdus Salam Steven Weinberg James Cronin Val Logsdon Fitch Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Carlo Rubbia Simon van der Meer Gerd Binnig Heinrich Rohrer Georg Bednorz Melvin Schwartz Wolfgang Paul Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Bertram Brockhouse Frederick Reines Steven Chu Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Herbert Kroemer Jack Kilby Wolfgang Ketterle Anthony James Leggett David Gross Hugh David Politzer Frank Wilczek Albert Fert Makoto Kobayashi (physicist) Willard Boyle Andre Geim Konstantin Novoselov Saul Perlmutter Brian Schmidt Serge Haroche Peter Higgs Integrated Authority File
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