Herman Boerhaave
Herman Boerhaave ( [ bu ː r ˌ ɦɛrmɑn ɦa ː və ], born December 31, 1668 Voorhout near Leiden, † September 23, 1738 in Leiden ) was a Dutch physician and botanist. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Boerh. ".
Life
Herman Boerhaave was the son of a Calvinist pastor Jacob Boerhaave († 1683) and his wife Hagar Daelder († 1673 ), daughter of an Amsterdam merchant, was born. Boerhaave studied theology and oriental languages since 1682, then maths and since 1690 Medicine. 1693 he received his doctorate in medicine at the University of Harderwijk. In 1701 he was lecturer and Repetent 1709 professor of medicine and botany at Leiden. During his time the medical faculty of the University of Leiden center of attraction for all medical students was. In 1714 he received the clinical professor and the supervision of the hospital, 1718 the chair of chemistry. At the commencement of the Rector, which was also conferred on him in 1714, he gave the speech De comparando certo in physicis who was counted among the most excellent of his lectures.
1706 he worked with the investment of greenhouses in Leyden garden plants and certain angle at which the glass roofs must be inclined at any latitude the horizon to capture as much solar radiation.
In 1729 he resigned his professorship of botany and chemistry, and retained only the practical apprenticeship. In 1736 he held at laying the managed for the second time Rector 's memorable speech De honore medici, servitute in which he referred to as the highest honor of the doctor, to be servants of nature.
Because of his outstanding services to the pharmaceutical sciences, he was famous all over Europe; from all countries came to and sought his advice.
Boerhaave was looking with great scientific superiority to exploit all the results of the natural sciences for the benefit of medicine, put this on the mechanical discoveries and found great value in the fiber with the general body component that caused by its tension and relaxation of most disease states.
The most important of his writings are the Institutiones medicae in usum annuae exercitationis (Leiden 1708 last Vienna 1775), translated into most modern languages , and the Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis morbis (Leiden 1709, or more often). The former of these works is a systematic outline of the theoretical tenets in medicine, in the aphorisms of Boerhaave describes the basics of practical medicine, where it is based on a highly ingenious Classification of Diseases. These works close to his Elementa chemiae (Paris 1724 and often, 2 volumes), which are characterized by the accuracy of the experiments.
The Boerhaave's syndrome, which was named after him, called the esophageal rupture during heavy gagging, coughing, or vomiting. Boerhaave is said to have even liked to take part in debauched Essgelagen. As the process once a friend tore the esophagus and this subsequently died, he was briefly autopsied after his death by Boerhaave. This recognized the cause of death and gave her his name.
The copper oxide was under the name Volatile Kupferoxydtinctur ( Tinctura veneris volatilis ) introduced by him as a drug. This tincture is no longer in use today.
Known students
Boerhaave had some excellent students, such as Albrecht von Haller and Gerard van Swieten. The latter acted as interpreter of the Institutiones and the Aphorismi. Julien Offray de La Mettrie translated numerous works into French Boerhaave, adorned them with comments and thereby contributed to the dissemination of his teachings in Europe. The well-known British balneologist Richard Russell perfected the early 1720s his medical knowledge with him. Two of his pupils, van Swieten and Anton de Haen, founded the so-called Vienna Medical School, whose students also Franz Anton Mesmer was. With his pupil Albrecht von Haller Hermann Boerhaave union mechanics, chemistry and the immediate clinical observation with each other and thus laid the foundation for modern physiology.
Honors
Carl Linnaeus named in his honor the genus Boerhavia from the plant family of magic flowers plants ( Nyctaginaceae ).
In 1864 in Vienna Landstrasse (3rd district) was named the Boerhaavegasse after him.
The city of Leiden has built him a monument in St. Peter's Church (designed by philosopher Frans Hemsterhuis ) on which one reads his favorite phrase: Simplex sigillum veri ( The simple is the seal of truth ).
In his honor was erected a bust of him in Valhalla.
Writings (selection )
- Institutiones medicae. Leiden 1708.
- Index plantarum quae in Horto reperiuntur Academico Lugduno Batavo. Leiden 1710 (online)
- Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis morbis. Leiden 1709.
- Index Plantarum age Quae In Horto Academico Lugduno - Batavo Aluntur. 1st edition, Leiden 1720 (online). Index plantarum quae in Horto old Academico Lugduno - Batavo Aluntur. 2nd edition, Leiden 1727 ( Part 1, Part 2).