Het Schip
Het Schip ( The German ship ) is a 1917-1921 erbauter residential block in town district Spaarndammerbuurt in the Amsterdam City West District. The planned by the architect Michel de Klerk building, which got its name due to its unusual shape, is considered one of the greatest examples of expressionist Amsterdam School. In the house there are 102 flats, a primary school and a former post office. In the premises the Museum Het Schip is housed since 2001, dedicated to the Amsterdam School and the building.
History
The district Spaarndammerbuurt emerged as workers' settlement at the end of the 19th century, near the harbor on the newly created North Sea Canal in the west of Amsterdam. In 1905 the city had adopted a Building Regulations, which provided for the system of small farms (Dutch Plantsoen ) in new residential areas. The undeveloped in the 1910s for construction area around the Spaarndammerplantsoen differed already in the classification principle from the usual around town planning.
1913 took over the young entrepreneur Klaas Hille and its architect Michel de Klerk, the development of three properties at this place. Already the first house fell through special clinker and the use of terracotta tiles on the bricks. Overall, however, the expressionistic elements were much more restrained than in de Klerk's first drafts. After the entrepreneur Hille had to give up due to the economic consequences of the First World War, took over the housing association Eigen Haard the further development of the place. Architect de Klerk created in 1914 the second block with significantly more expressionist.
When planning the last blocks of flats from 1917 was granted de Klerk most artistic freedoms. Also, because the building was to house the offices of the Cooperative according to original plans, was a modern, expressionistic prestigious building, which should make the existing building architecturally in the shadows and was referred to as Het Schip and Arbeiderspaleis ( German Workers palace). The extraordinary details made the additional use of numerous professional workers needed. The completion of the building was relatively expensive and was delayed by two years. Ultimately, should live in the house barely workers but mainly socialist SMEs. Today the building serves the social housing.
Architecture
Het Schip is considered a high point in the second phase of the Amsterdam School. Architect Michel de Klerk enriched the bright red brick facade of the core built of concrete blocks with numerous symbolic and expressionistic details. Each page of the on a fan-shaped plot of land the house was, according to local circumstances, different design. The courtyard of the apartment block consists of small gardens and a school playground, which are connected by a path. Numerous sculptures in the facade of the building date from the Dutch sculptor Hildo Krop ( 1884-1970 ).
On the southeast side of the property runs to the Spaarndammerplantsoen in a long tip. Until 1999, this was also set up by de Klerk post office ( now a museum ). Due to the small width of the building located above the post office only two residential floors clad with tiles. To assess the effect of the post office emphasized without destroying the idyllic effect, input and output of the lobby are housed in a turret.
The largely preserved, also designed by de Klerk interiors of the former Post Office ( now a museum ) broke with the tradition of authoritarian designed post offices of the then state-owned PTT. In contrast to the official Dark of the architect violet hues and lavender Blue chose ( pigeon blue). On the outside of the post office falls on a brick brick sculpture, the ravens symbolized on a telegraph pole.
The south-west side along the Zaanstraat of a maximum of four storeys counting house was designed comparatively restrained. The horizontal lines of the clinker should be the width of the parallel to the tram line from Amsterdam to Haarlem match. A special feature is located at the northwestern corner bay window, which was designated cigar because of its shape in the vernacular.
With a turret, a semicircular forecourt and the use of tiles as Facing the architect created at the Hembrugstraat the idyllic atmosphere of a village square. This impression is reinforced by the similarly open development of the opposite, from 1918 to 1919 constructed building complex patrimony.
Along the Oostzaanstraat had de Klerk former kindergarten De Foals (now primary school De Catamaran ) integrate into his building. Among other things, by a strikingly to the main entrance offset bay succeeded de Klerk an elegant solution to this compromise.
Museum Het Schip
The Museum Het Schip offers a tour of the permanent exhibition at the post office and a working-class home as well as visiting the museum restaurant. In addition, there are regular guided tours along another interesting building of the Amsterdam School.
Street furniture
In the garden of the museum, an exhibition shows various street furniture in the style of the Amsterdam School, among others, by Pieter Lucas Marnette (1888-1948) and Anton Kurvers ( 1889-1940 ).
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