Heterolysis (chemistry)

At a heterolytic cleavage of the bonding electrons remain on a binding partner, are thus formed per a cation and an anion. In this case, the electro- negative element accepts [ Example B ( above) or A ( below) ] to the negative charge:

The heterolytic cleavage is in organic chemistry often only a limiting case only, since no isolated ions occur, but the bonds are polarized; ie, the binding partners have a partial charge δ or δ -. In bromomethane the C- Br bond, for example, polarized, the carbon atom has a partial positive charge ( δ ), the bromine atom a partial negative charge ( δ - ):

The heterolysis of methyl bromide has only minor importance, since thermodynamically unfavorable:

Significantly smoother runs the heterolysis of tert -butyl bromide, since the formed tertiary carbenium ion is more stable than the primary methyl carbenium ion, which can be formed from methyl bromide: