Hexapoda

Honey bee ( Apis )

• Insects (Insecta )
• Sackkiefler Double tails ( Diplura )
• Beintastler ( Protura )
• Springtails ( Collembola )

The Hexapod (Greek Hexapoda ) or hexapod belong to the tribe of arthropods ( Arthropoda ), they form a sub-tribe of these. The Hexapoda are the insects (Insecta ), double tails ( Diplura ) Beintastler ( Protura ) and springtails ( Collembola ) expected.

The taxon Sechsfüßer, which was founded in 1987 by J. Kukalová - Peck represented the first time in this compilation, corresponds to the classical summary of the insects ( Hennig 1953) and has been previously deemed to be the synonym for that group. The insect under the new definition -tute of ( Ectognatha ) designated animal group formerly as Freikiefler, double tails, Beintastler and springtails are no longer counted among the insects.

Features of the Hexapod

The Hexapod have some characteristics that they represent without any doubt as a natural group:

This mainly included the set to a fixed number of segments body. In this case, the head consists of probably six fused segments, which can be seen from the head limbs and especially the nerve ganglia ( ganglia) in the header. The head bears a pair of antennae and three pairs of mouthparts, called mandibles, maxillae and labium. The labium corresponds to the second maxillae of crustaceans and centipedes, it is most likely arose by a fusion of the paired third mouth extremities.

The chest area (thorax) always consists of three segments, each bearing a pair of walking legs ( adds up to three pairs of walking legs and six walking legs ) and thus this group have given the name. The flying insects ( pterygota ) the last two thoracic segments bear the wings.

The abdomen consists in the basic pattern of 11 segments plus a so-called telson. These segments can be merged within the Sechsfüßer partly in the different groups.

Other features of the Hexapod: caudal appendages consisting of ( two cerci and a Terminalfilum ); the so-called styli, residual structures of the former bifurcated extremities. Moreover, the Hexapod in the basic blueprint compound eyes and simple eyes and a well-developed tracheal system.

Nomenclature of Sechsfüßer

The systematics of the Hexapod has not yet been secured. ( Hennig 1953, 1969 ( mod. ) Hypothesis 1) In the classical variant, the insects will be referred to the remaining groups together due to a mouth bag as Sackkiefler ( Entognatha ) compared. Another hypothesis holds only the springtails and Beintastler together as a taxon named Ellipura and then maps the double cocks as first branch of the insects ( hypothesis 2; Kukalova - Peck 1987, 1991; Koch, 1997; Kraus, 1997; Bags & Gorb 2006).

Hypothesis 1: The Beintastler, double tails and springtails form the sister group of insects:

Double tails ( Diplura )

Beintastler ( Protura )

Springtails ( Collembola )

Insects (Insecta )

Hypothesis 2: The Beintastler and springtails form the sister group of the insects and double tails:

Beintastler ( Protura )

Springtails ( Collembola )

Double tails ( Diplura )

Freikiefler ( Ectognatha )