Hieracium

Shaggy hawkweed ( Hieracium villosum )

The hawkweed ( Hieracium ) are a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The genus includes many species ( see below ) with numerous subspecies, which are sometimes very difficult to determine. Different reproductive and crossing opportunities and the classification is difficult. Some hawkweed ( Hieracium ) look similar to the Pippau ( Crepis ).

  • 4.1 Real hawkweed ( Hieracium subgen. Hieracium ) (selection)
  • 4.2 Mouse-ear - hawkweed ( Hieracium subgen. Pilosella ) (selection)

Description

The hawkweed species are mostly herbaceous plants reach heights of growth, rarely to 5, usually 20 to 150 cm depending on the type. They usually form taproots, sometimes forming processes ( stolons ). The simple or branched stems are usually upright. The stalked or sessile leaves are often together in undergraduate rosettes and are distributed to the stems. The leaf blades are simple to pinnately lobed. The leaf margins may be smooth or toothed.

The bloom conditions are sometimes singly or usually in branched inflorescences total. The flower heads have a diameter of 3-9 (rarely to more than 12) mm. The 5-21 (rarely to more than 40) bracts are in at least two rows. The inflorescence is flat ground. The flower heads contain only six to over 150 florets. The color of the ray florets five lobe is usually yellow, sometimes white or yellowish white, rarely orange. The flowering period extends from May to August.

The achenes are usually brown or black, usually with ten ribs. The pappus consists of 20 to 80 white bristles, which are more or less equal or unequal; they can be in one, two or more rows.

Dissemination

Hieracium species are found in Europe, North Asia and in America.

System

The genus name Hieracium was first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. As lectotype 1913 Hieracium murorum has been set. Synonyms for Hieracium L. are: Stenotheca Monnier and Pilosella Hill.

Naming

The Greek word Hierax denotes a hawk or falcon and presumably refers to the ends of the ray florets that resemble hawk wings. The herbs are grown on high rocks, which are accessible only for hawks. According to legend hawks to sharpen with the milky sap of their eyes.

Types (selection)

Depending on the underlying concept of species -laid about 850 to 1000 species can be distinguished. In Germany, which occur about 180 species.

The species of hawkweed ( Hieracium ) is usually divided into two subgenera, which are also often treated as separate genera:

True hawkweed ( Hieracium subgen. Hieracium ) (selection)

  • Alpine Hawkweed ( Hieracium alpinum L.)
  • Stem Comprehensive hawkweed ( Hieracium amplexicaule L.), with many subspecies
  • Bifurcated hawkweed ( Hieracium bifidum Hornem. ), With many subspecies
  • Rabbit ear hawkweed ( Hieracium bupleuroides CC Gmel. ) With many subspecies
  • Pfeilblättriges hawkweed ( Hieracium fuscocinereum Norrl. )
  • Bluegreen hawkweed ( Hieracium glaucum space. ) With many subspecies
  • Hieracium heldreichii Boiss.
  • Low hawkweed ( Hieracium humile Jacq. )
  • Endive hawkweed ( Hieracium intybaceum All. , Is also provided as Schlagintweitia intybacea ( All. ) Griseb. In a particular genre )
  • Ordinary hawkweed ( Hieracium lachenalii Suter ) with many subspecies
  • Forest hawkweed ( Hieracium murorum L., syn: Hieracium sylvaticum (L.) Gouan ) with many subspecies
  • Hieracium pannosum Boiss., With many subspecies
  • Grauzottiges hawkweed ( Hieracium piliferum Hoppe)
  • Wool -headed hawkweed ( Hieracium pilosum Froel. ) With many subspecies
  • Hasenlattich Hawkweed ( Hieracium prenanthoides Vill. ) With many subspecies
  • Traubiges hawkweed ( Hieracium racemosum Willd. ) With many subspecies
  • Savoy hawkweed ( Hieracium sabaudum L. ) with many subspecies
  • Pale Hawkweed ( Hieracium schmidtii exchange) with many subspecies
  • Doldiges hawkweed ( Hieracium umbellatum L.)
  • Strong Hairy Hawkweed ( Hieracium valdepilosum Vill. )
  • Shaggy hawkweed ( Hieracium villosum Jacq. )

Mouse-ear - hawkweed ( Hieracium subgen. Pilosella ) (selection)

  • Glacier hawkweed ( Hieracium angustifolium Hoppe, Syn Pilosella glacialis ( Reyn. ) FWSchultz & Sch.Bip. )
  • Orange Hawkweed ( Hieracium aurantiacum L., Syn Pilosella aurantiaca (L.) FWSchultz & Sch.Bip. )
  • Hungarian hawkweed ( Hieracium bauhinii Schult., Syn Pilosella piloselloides subsp. Bauhini ( Schult. ) S.Bräut. & Greuter )
  • Meadow Hawkweed ( Hieracium caespitosum Dumort. , Syn Pilosella caespitosa ( Dumort. ) PDSell & C.West )
  • Trugdoldiges hawkweed ( Hieracium cymosum L., Syn Pilosella cymosa (L.) FWSchultz & Sch.Bip. )
  • Natternkopf Hawkweed ( Hieracium echioides COLUMN. , Syn Pilosella echioides ( Lumn. ) FWSchultz & Sch.Bip. )
  • Hoppes hawkweed ( Hieracium hoppeanum Schult., Syn Pilosella hoppeana ( Schult. ) FWSchultz & Sch.Bip. )
  • Geöhrtes hawkweed ( Hieracium lactucella Wallr. , Syn Pilosella lactucella ( Wallr. ) PDSell & C.West )
  • Large -headed hawkweed ( Hieracium macranthum ( Ten. ) Ten., Syn Pilosella hoppeana subsp. Macrantha ( Ten. ) S.Bräut. & Greuter )
  • Peletiers hawkweed ( Hieracium peleterianum Mérat, Syn Pilosella peleteriana ( Mérat ) FWSchultz & Sch.Bip. )
  • Hawkweed ( Hieracium pilosella L.; Syn: Pilosella officinarum Vaill. )
  • Florentine hawkweed ( Hieracium piloselloides Vill., Syn Pilosella piloselloides ( Vill. ) Soják ), with several subspecies.

Does not belong to the hawk herbs:

  • Thrifts Hawkweed ( Tolpis staticifolia ( All. ) Sch.Bip; Syn: .. Hieracium staticifolium All, Chlorocrepis staticifolia ( All. ) Griseb. )

Pictures

Rabbit ear hawkweed ( Hieracium bupleuroides )

Endive hawkweed ( Hieracium intybaceum )

Geöhrtes hawkweed ( Hieracium lactucella )

Peletiers hawkweed ( Hieracium peleterianum )

Swell

  • John L. Strother: Hieracium. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: unranked, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 ( Mutisieae - Anthemideae ), Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9, p 278, online ( engl. ) ( Description section ).
  • Siegfried & groom Werner Greuter: Hieracium. and Pilosella. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab - Straube ( Eds.): Med - Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum - mediterranean countries. Vol 2 ( Dicotyledones: Compositae). Organization for the Phyto - Taxonomic Investigation of the Mediterranean Area ( OPTIMA ), Geneva 2008, ISBN 978-2-8279-0011-4, pp. 242-487 ( Hieracium ), 559-674 ( Pilosella ).
  • Siegfried & groom Werner Greuter: Hieracium. In: Werner Greuter & Eckhard von Raab - Straube ( Eds.): Compositae. Euro Med Plant Base - the information resource for Euro - Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin, 2007-2009, online.
  • Siegfried & groom Werner Greuter: Pilosella. In: Werner Greuter & Eckhard von Raab - Straube ( Eds.): Compositae. Euro Med Plant Base - the information resource for Euro - Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin, 2007-2009, online.
  • David Aeschimann, Konrad Lauber, Daniel Martin Moser, Jean -Paul Theurillat: Flora alpina. An atlas of all 4500 vascular plants of the Alps. Band 1-3. Haupt Verlag, Bern, Stuttgart, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-258-06600-0.
  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grey: alpine flowers. Mosaic, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10558-1.
Asterids Cichorioideae Hieracium canadense
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