Hiligaynon language
Spoken in
- Austronesian Malayo -Polynesian Western Malayo -Polynesian Zentralphilippinisch Visayas Hiligaynon
-
Hil
Hil
Hiligaynon or in many regions, also known as Ilonggo, is an Austronesian language spoken mainly in the district of Western Visayas in the Philippines.
A total of 7 million people speak within and outside the Philippines Hiligaynon as their main language and another 4 million they have mastered and use it as a second language.
Hiligaynon is one of the Visayassprachen.
- 4.1 Determination words
- 4.2 Personal pronouns
- 4.3 Demonstrative pronouns
- 6.1 Connectives
- 6.2 Existential
- 6.3 Question words
- 6.4 numbers
- 6.5 Weekdays
- 6.6 months of the year
- 6.7 Brief greetings and phrases
- 6.8 This and That
- 6.9 Questions for directions and times
- 6:10 Am Marktplatz
Language distribution
The language Hiligaynon is represented prevail on the island of Panay and in Negros Occidental. There it is mostly spoken in the provinces of Iloilo, Capiz, Antique, Aklan and Guimaras and also used in many parts of Mindanao like Koronadal City, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat as a dialect.
As a second language it is spoken by the ethnic group of the Karay -a in Antique, Aklanon and the Malaynon in Aklan, the Cebuanos and Siquijor as well as of the Capiznon in Capiz.
The language is connected in Negros Occidental and in Iloilo strongly with Ilonggo. The Ilonggo are an ethno- linguistic group on the island of Panay, whose culture is inseparable from the Hiligaynon - speakers hardly. The border between the two dialects is not clearly defined. The question of which term is correct, is just as controversial, as with many indigenous lay under Philippine language experts.
Pronunciation
Hiligaynon has 16 consonants: p, t, k, b, d, g, m, n, ng, S, H, W, L, r and y. There are three vowels mainly used: [a ], [ ɛ ] / [I ] and [ O] / [ ʊ ].
The vowels [i ] and [ ɛ ] (both pronounced as i) are allophones, where [ i] at the beginning, the middle, and sometimes at the end of a syllable, and [ ɛ ] only occurs in the final syllables. The vowels [ ʊ ] and [o ] are allophones as well, with [ ʊ ], which is always at the start is used while [o ] is always used when it ends a syllable.
The consonants [d ] and [ ɾ ] are also allophones, but can not be interchanged. So it is called patawaron ( awarded) [ of patawad, forgiveness ] but not patawadon and it's called tagadiín (of Wo) [ of Deen, where ] but not tagariín.
Spelling
The core alphabet contains 20 letters. The consonants and vowels are present in both small as well as in upper case. There the Latin alphabet used here, but with country-specific variations.
Alphabet
Additional sign
It should be noted that the apostrophe (') and hyphen ( - ) can be applied also for the spelling of Hiligaynon. In addition, various English letters are used, which are, however, applied only in foreign words.
Grammar
Determiners
Hiligaynon has three types of passwords for the determination of cases: The cases are the absolutive, the ergative and the neuter case. These cases are further divided into personal types which have to do with the names of persons and neuter types which deal with all representational.
In addition, there are singular and plural versions, with the same passwords passwords for the singular cases are for the neuter plural cases, however, are marked by mga. This word is always used in Hiligaynon to express the plural.
Examples:
- " Ang lalaki nagkaon sang tinapay. " - The Man ate the bread '.
Can mean the same thing as
- " Ang tinapay ginkaon sang lalaki. " - Literally: The bread was eaten by the man. '
In Hiligaynon there is a tendency rather to use the active sentence structure and so the first sentence is more commonly used.
Personal pronouns
Indicative pronouns
In addition to the specified here forms of this are two verbal clues are given: Kari is, come to the speaker, kadto considers, however, go to that.
Foreign Words
In Hiligaynon, there are various Spanish words as santo (from santo, saint), berde ( verde, green) and pero (from pero, but ).
Spanish verbs remain, which are conjugated in Filipino in ' tú' form when used in Hiligaynon often unconjugated (, - er or- ir verb endings like has the -ar ).
Examples:
- Komparar, mandar, pasar, tener, disponer, mantener, etc.
Examples
Connectives
Hiligaynon lacks expressions, such as occurring in Tagalog or Filipino ay or the hay from the dialect Akeanon.
Example:
- Si Inday ay maganda. (Tagalog)
- Si Inday matahum. ( Hiligaynon )
- , The sister is beautiful. ' ( German )
There is no equivalent in Hiligaynon in translating the auxiliary word to be from English ( 'to be' in German ). For the distinction between will be ( be ') and Became ( be something '), the prefixes Nangin and mangin
Example:
- Manami ' mangin manggaranon. - It's nice to be rich '.
The Spanish auxiliary verb estar ( German, be ') is indeed a part of the Hiligaynon - vocabulary, its meaning and pronunciation but was heavily modified here. In Hiligaynon it is now very istar and means to live in ( a place ) '). ( In Hiligaynon synonymous with the word puyo ).
Example:
Existential
To designate a living object, the word May used.
Example:
- May IDO ko. - I have a dog. '
Question words
The question words in Hiligaynon are below: diyne, san -o, sin - o nga -a, kamusta, ano and pila.
Deen is, where.
Example:
- Deen ka na? - Where are you now? '
A variant of diyne, tagadiin is used to request the birth or the origin of the listener.
Example:
- Tagadiin ka? - Where are you from? '
San -o say when.
Example:
- San -o Ina? - When is that? '
Sin -o say who.
Example:
- Sin -o imo Abyan? - Who is your friend? '
Nga -a say why.
Example:
- Nga -a di ka magkadto? - Why will not you go? '
Kamusta means as, in the sense of ' How are you? '
Example:
- Kamusta ang Tindahan? - How is the business '?
Ano 's saying something.
Example:
- Ano ang imo nagabasa? - What are you reading? '
A variant of ano, paano, means just as well but in terms of, how should I do something? '
Example:
- Paano ko makapulî? - How do I get home? '
Pila is to say how much.
Example:
A variant of pila, the ikapila word, asks for a numerical order in relation to a person, as in " As wievielter you were born into your family? " ( First born, second born, etc.) This word is known to be difficult in a European language to translate because there is no equivalent to the English or German.
Example:
Pay
Weekdays
The names of the days of the week are derived from their Spanish counterparts from:
Months of the year
The former names of the month names in Hiligaynon derived also from from Spanish.