Hillel the Elder

Hillel ( the Elder or the Old, Hebrew הלל הזקן, Hillel ha - zaqen; * to 110 BC; † 9 AD ) was one of the most important Pharisaic rabbis from the time before the destruction of the Second Temple, head of the Sanhedrin and the founder of a school for the interpretation of Scripture appointed to the Jews to this day often.

Jewish traditions to Hillel

Hillel was seen as more generous, patient teacher who taught charity and non-violence, and many students had. His " opponent " was Shammai, who interpreted the Torah stricter in some respects. To date, Hillel's words in the Jewish tradition is essential, especially in Jewish ethics.

His statements after the Torah can be summarized in a " Golden Rule ". The question of " Klal ", after a bid in which the entire Torah is included, is a popular question among rabbinical scholars. Decades before Jesus provided a non-Jew such a question to Rabbi Hillel: If you can convey the teachings of Judaism me as long as I stand on one leg, I'll convert. The scene is shown on the large menorah in front of the Knesset in Jerusalem in relief.

Rabbi Hillel replied:

" What you is not love, that do not also to thy neighbor. That is the whole Torah, and everything else is just the explanation; go and learn it. "

This golden rule is founded on the Toragebot of charity, third book of Genesis 19:18, which - in addition to the commandments of love to strangers and to love our enemies - is written pretty much in the middle of the Torah.

There are two authoritative, slightly varying ways Translation into German:

"Love your neighbor as yourself I ( am ) the ETERNAL (or Lord ). "

Or

"Love your neighbor, he is like you. I ( am ) the ETERNAL (or Lord ). "

The Sayings of the Fathers contain several statements from him (see also the section quotes ).

Hillel the Elder and Shammai are mentioned in Mischnatraktat Avot as the successor of Shemaiah and Abtaljon in the chain of tradition. They are one of the five " Sugot " (pairs) in the tradition history of the Torah.

The seven middot

From Hillel seven exegetical rules ( middot ) are delivered to the interpretation of the Torah, but they were probably formulated later by his principles. The Christian exegesis is quite close to him. In addition to these Middot of Hillel, there is also the 13 Middot of Rabbi Ishmael, a great scholar from the time of Bar Kochba ( 135 ), and the 32 Middot of Eliezer ben Jose ha - Gelili, one acting in the 2nd century Tannaim.

• From Lighter to Heavier (Hebrew: קל וחומר, qal wachomer ) = less from Major on the More significant, and vice versa.
• Analogy (Hebrew: גזרה שווה, gserah SCHAWA, the same regulation - the same statute. )
• Generalization of special laws (Hebrew: בנין אב מכתוב אחד, binjan from [ ab = bet from ] mi - katub echad, creating a family of a word), " from a single passage in the Bible of " subordination of scriptures below a certain, the correct explanation bidding site.
• The above based on two sites in the Torah (Hebrew: ובנין אב משני כתובים, binjan from mi - worm Ketubim, raising a family of two words ), generalization on the basis of double occurrence ), the special case of 3
• General and Special ( Hebrew: כלל ופרט ופרט וכלל, kelal u - ferat u - u - ferat kelal, conclusion from the general to the particular, and vice versa), which make up 13 Middot of Ishmael from eight rules: Rule 4-11.
• Quasi- analogy, (Hebrew: וכיוצא בו במקום אחר, kejotse bo be - maqom acher, like at another place. )
• Conclusion from the context (Hebrew: דבר הלמד מעניינו dabar ha - lamed me- injano, correlations of the situation ); although this final rule generally meets with approval, they can lead to questionable conclusions by formally standing side by side clings and content.