Home appliance

A home appliance is a mechanical or electrical device that is commonly used in private homes. This includes for example kitchen appliances and vacuum cleaners. In retail the cuisine tool range is referred to as white goods. These include large appliances like washing machines or dishwashers and small electrical appliances.

Consumer electronics (such as TV, DVD Recorder or PC), which was formerly known in the trade as brown goods, is now regarded as a separate device area and not allocated to household appliances, just such applies to DIY tools and toys ( Model Railway, Game Boy ). A clear distinction can not be drawn at DIY tools, a sander, for example, will hardly be counted as household appliances, a cordless drill does.

Appliances

The appliances include:

• Equipment for laundry: washing machine, tumble dryer, deficiency, iron
• Kitchen equipment: Equipment for Cooking and Baking: stove, oven, microwave oven, mini oven with grill, steam cooking pot, cooking machine (historic 19th century) - also for wood or coal-fired or gas-fired appliances
• Rinse: Dishwasher
• Cooling and freezing: fridge, freezer, fridge -freezer, also
• Small domestic appliances: hand mixer, coffee maker, espresso machine, food processor, blender, juicer, toaster, kettle
• Mechanical systems: manual can opener, Flotte Lotte, Minna ( food processor ), table or floor cleaner, kitchen scale
• Simple kitchen utensils such as cutlery, pots and kitchen textiles.

Historical development of electrical household appliances

The development of household appliances in use today is closely associated with the structure of the supply with Electrical stream. The first turn of the 19th to the 20th century built hydroelectric power stations with their power grids, however, were only sufficient for the operation of arc and incandescent lamps. The current price to be paid was substantial and exceeded per kilowatt hour significantly the hourly wage of a skilled worker.

Only after the First World War, the situation changed with the construction of the first large steam power plants. In parallel, the high-voltage network was expanded, with the converted heat energy over long distance could be transferred. In the budget of this development meant the mass use of electric iron, the first electrical appliance in addition to the electric sewing machine. Your successful market introduction in the 19th century ushered in the industrialization of the private household.

About 15 years later, the use of the radio is under the Nazis propagated with the people of the so-called receiver to gain the former rulers an extraordinarily popular means of spreading their propaganda. The attempted even at that time the introduction of the electric refrigerator, however, fails at acquisition cost for this device.

After the Second World War, the currency reform and the economic miracle, the power plants and the electricity networks are becoming more powerful at the same time decreasing electricity costs. At the same time urging other household electrical appliances on the market. The electrical stove, electrical washing machine, the dishwasher, vacuum cleaner, television and many other devices in consumer electronics establish themselves in private households. Ten years later, there is also the electric coffee maker and the freezer, after a further 15 years, the microwave oven. All these devices were invented decades ago in part to their broad market introduction; their success in the market at the time the invention was again prevented by the lack of access to cheap electricity.

Today, the trend continues towards "networked home appliances ", mostly over Powerline solutions. So Siemens develops serve @ Home, Miele Miele @ home, there are products and takes place in Switzerland one ZUG-Home of the V -ZUG AG. The goal is always to increase the added value, the device shall use opportunities and new (remote ) to create.

Energy efficiency of major equipment

When operating electrical large household appliances is now increasingly paid attention to the energy efficiency in order to reduce the associated environmental impacts, but also costs. As an auxiliary tool for consumers need in Germany since 1998, certain electric household appliances with an energy consumption label - are excellent - and EU Energy label called.

The EU Energy Label evaluates the electricity and water consumption in relation to the instrument function with a scale ranging from A ( sparingly ) to G ( wasteful ). Are on the market today (2012 ) mostly only Class A equipment offered so that the grading criteria of the EU label are technically outdated. Only for refrigerators and freezers meet the classes introduced in 2004, A , A and A on the present state of the art. Since July 2012 may only refrigerators with energy efficiency class A , the minimum are sold in the EU. A more contemporary evaluation can be found in the regularly updated " list economical household appliances", which is offered for instance of energy consultants and municipalities. The German Initiative for Energy Efficiency ( DENEFF ), the Association for the Environment and Nature Conservation ( BUND ) and the German Association for Renewable Energy ( BEE) campaigned in a joint statement for a scrappage scheme for household appliances, which consume a lot of power.