Hormone response element
A response element or hormone responsive element (HRE, Germany. Hormone- sensitive area ) refers to a short nucleotide sequence in a promoter region on the DNA which serves as a binding site for nuclear hormone receptors. These hormone receptors are transcription factors that influence upon binding of the appropriate hormone by binding to the DNA, the transcription of the next gene.
All previously known HREs show a very similar structure. They consist mainly of hexameric tandem repeats ( tandem repeats ), interrupted by any 0-8 nucleotides. The sequence, polarity and spacing determine the identity of the respective HREs.
There are three different polarity arrangements:
- Direct repeats ( DR): The sequence of the sequence of both hexamers is identical ( → → ).
- Inverted repeats (IR): The sequence of the sequence of a hexamer is the complementary, backwards read copy of Others ( → ← ).
- Everted repeats ( ER): The sequence of the sequence of a hexamer is the opposite, complementary, backwards read copy of Others ( ← → ).
By sequence analysis programs, HRE can be predicted in the genome.
Example
The response element for glucocorticoid hormones called glucocorticoids responsive element (GRE ) and shows the consensus sequence:
GREs responsive to mineralocorticoid, progesterone and androgens, but not limited to estrogens.