Hospital bed
The hospital bed or hospital bed is one of the requirements of clinical conditions adapted and expanded its functions bedside. Modern hospital beds are electrically operated and come with a built-in battery, so that the adjustment functions are available even when carrying. Unlike the pure care bed find hospital beds in hospitals and rehabilitation clinics, nursing homes and more rarely in home care use.
The term may also refer to the in such a facility to purchase a maximum possible number of patients without talking about the concrete object or its number. This is rather a size in the hospital planning. ( refer to Chart bed)
Requirements, standards
As medical devices are subject to hospital beds the German and Austrian medical device laws and the associated operator regulations that ensure the implementation of EEC Directive 93/ 42 is a uniformity within the EU and the standard EN 60601-2-52, which guarantees operational safety for patients and operators. The relevant provisions are also to DIN VDE 0751-1, the "Safety Checks and tests before start of medical electrical devices or systems " controls. Hospital beds as active, ie energy -powered medical devices may only be used by persons who are qualified for this and instructed in the handling of each device type. They are made of metal, usually steel, and plastic. This insensitivity and easy cleaning are guaranteed. You must be drivable and by locking a pair of rollers also controllable on wheels, and can be safely determined on a sloping ground. The possibility of mechanical cleaning in the bed of a hospital center facilitates the processes within the company and improves hygiene by cross-infection be prevented.
Properties
Hospital beds are made of a metal frame to which the respective mattress is laid. You do not have a slatted base, but a little flexible wire mesh or a plastic sheet under the mattress. The chest compression is avoided facilitated and wooden components for ease of maintenance. The support surface is divided into three parts in general, its dimensions are different, but not more than 1 x 2 m. The dead weight of a modern hospital bed can be estimated about 140 kg. Depending on the model, it is possible to take off the foot and extend the bed in order to adapt it for patients with above-average body size. The manufacturers specify a maximum patient weight up to which they guarantee safety. Above about 175 kg body weight must be leased by the user special beds. Head and foot sections at the ends of the bed are designed so that they can be removed without effort, for example, to allow better access to the patient with an endotracheal intubation.
Because hospital beds are available for mobile, they usually have wall spacers made of rubber, prevent the hard, uncomfortable for the patient shock and damage to the bed or the surroundings when the bed abuts the wall during transport. The beds are manually or electrically adjustable, which affects at least the working height and the angle of the head part. With further adjustment to increase the possibilities to store according to the patient 's wishes and his illness, to special bearings such as the Trendelenburg position. Electrically adjustable beds offer the patient this a control panel that is connected by cable to the bed. Depending on the manufacturer and application can be on foot, are unattainable for the patient, another control panel for the hospital staff, which offers the possibility for the patient individual to lock him not beneficial adjustment.
Extensibility
Hospital beds can, depending on the application, be extended versatile. Spread the attachment of a bed bracket, known colloquially as " trapeze " is called, which allows the patient to sit up or pull up. Other expansion options, for example, holders for walking sticks, infusions, drainage, extensions, oxygen bottles or other medical equipment. Bed side parts, colloquially " bed rail " that give the patient support and guidance and to prevent falling out, are either sold separately or already integrated so that they can be used in case of need. Your continuous, two-sided use prevents the patient can get out of bed without help and thus represents already a freiheitsberaubende measure of fixation in medicine dar. At the foot frequently found a pull-out tray that can be used for luggage or laundry.
Special beds
Special versions are available especially for intensive care units. Normally, modern, electrically adjustable and expandable beds as described there can be used. In individual cases, and depending on the indication can air cushion beds, even for very obese and immobile patients, rotation beds for kinetic therapy in severe lung disease or rarely find glass pebble beds use. In air cushion beds then options for temperature control and for weighing the patient be fitted with.
Ambulance services
The beds are also used for internal ambulance services on the hospital grounds. To this end, most beds have a function in which the wheels can be found at the head end and the bed can be moved by one person at the head now, without breaks out at the sides. The catch is mostly set on the pedal at the head or foot end.
Some beds also feature a built-in motor that helps you push the bed. Normally at long distances, slopes or heavy patients or beds are so-called " Bed Mover " is used, which support when pushing. The advantage of the " Bed Mover " is that these are hooked only in the use and substantial cost can be saved when buying bed.
Hospital beds some hospitals are equipped with RFID tags to trigger a Bettenbevorzugung in elevators.
Resuscitation
Contemporary beds often have a control that allows the event of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation to bring the bed in flat base position very quickly. In addition, a hard substrate for cardiac massage must be created, the mattress would be too much to yield. In older beds, the board is usually used for this purpose at the foot, because you can not pull the counterpart in the presence of a " bed gallows " at the head. With newer beds can not pull out the footrest, for this purpose, a so-called resuscitation board is then placed under the patient. For beds with an air-filled mattress there for this purpose a removable closure or an emergency button, which air can escape completely from the mattress within a few seconds.
Risks
The use of adjustable, engineered and electrically operated beds is not without risks. In just the four years from 1998 to 2002 it was in Germany for at least 20 deaths related to malfunction. Underlying problems of electrical safety and the size of side rails with Einklemmungs and strangulation. Not only manufacturing defects, but also a lack of maintenance and errors in the operators and users are the causes. In practice it is sometimes overlooked that the operation of hospital beds subject as everyday objects a variety of legal restrictions.
History
Already in the 18th century beds were invented, which were adapted to the specific needs of the care of the sick. Between 1815 and 1825 already beds with adjustable side panels were applied in England. The development of the hospital bed with three-part, adjustable mattress base is the American physician Willis D. Gatch attributed to 1908. The manual adjustment and use of the hydraulic motors followed. Electrically controlled beds with control panel since 1945 exist. Along with industrialization and the growth of electrically controlled objects in the everyday life of the current technical status could be achieved, which is not everywhere must constitute the standard in developed countries for reasons of cost.
Importance for the sick
In the revision course on a current textbook of nursing the central importance of the bed for the limited mobility in his patients is emphasized:
" The hospital bed is sometimes playroom for the patient resting and sleeping quarters, dining and living room and in some cases, bathroom and toilet as well as for children. From here, the patient participates in his surroundings, and meets members, visitors, nurses and doctors. "
Schkeuditz, 1990
Hospital beds without mattresses, 2008
Hospital beds for prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, 2007
Intensive care bed, intensive care unit in California, 2007
Substructure of a modern electrically controlled bed hospital
Simplified version of an operating part for the patient
Yellow emergency switch for Trendelenburg position and resuscitation, ability to lock individual functions