House of della Rovere
The della Rovere is an Italian noble family of the Renaissance. The family originate from the Popes Sixtus IV and Julius II and from 1508/21, the Dukes of Urbino.
Origin
The della Rovere comes from a respected but poor family from Savona, Liguria. The first known family member Leonardo ( or Beltramo ) della Rovere († 1430 in Savona), married to Luchina Monteleoni. Their son Francesco della Rovere (later Pope Sixtus IV ) claimed a kinship to Turin family della Rovere, Earl of Vinovo. The word Rovere is Italian for sessile oak. Sixtus IV, as well as his nephew Julius II chose such an oak with 12 golden acorns to the family coat of arms.
Rise
The choice of Francesco Pope Sixtus IV in 1471 changed the fate of the family completely. Sixtus IV ran a nepotism immense proportions. Two of his nephews, Domenico and Cristoforo della Rovere, he appointed immediately after his election to the cardinals, six other members of the family he raised during his 13 - year pontificate to the College of Cardinals. In order to consolidate the rise of the family permanently tried Sixtus IV to give his nephew and secular lords: His nephew (or possibly his illegitimate son ) Girolamo Riario was Lord of Imola and Forli, Leonardo della Rovere Duke of Sora. His brother Giovanni della Rovere was married Signore Senigallia with Giovanna da Montefeltro, the heir to the Duchy of Urbino. After the death of Sixtus IV, another Ligurian was elected Pope Innocent VIII. The papal policy shall continue Giuliano della Rovere.
Crisis and resurgence
1492 Rodrigo Borgia as Alexander VI. Pope. Giuliano della Rovere was his rival candidate, then head of the opposition in the election. The Borgia attempted from the field of Della Rovere itself to create a principality. Cesare Borgia drove the Riario from Forli, Giovanni della Rovere, the widow of Senigallia and his brother Guidobaldo da Montefeltro of Urbino. After Alexander's death and the election of Giuliano della Rovere as Pope Julius II Cesare Borgia was defeated and the occupied territories fell to the family. Pope Leo X gave his nephew Lorenzo II de ' Medici was short, the Duchy of Urbino but with Francesco Maria della Rovere, the family established itself finally as dukes.
Dukes of Urbino and the end of the dynasty
1508 inherited Francesco Maria della Rovere, the Duchy of Urbino. With a brief interruption of 1516-21 ruled his successors until the extinction of the dynasty in male line under Francesco Maria II della Rovere 1631. Already in 1625 handed over the last Duke of Urbino to the Papal States. The last of the family was Vittoria della Rovere, Grand Duchess of Tuscany. She died in 1694 in Florence, leaving the rich art collection of her ancestors, the Della Rovere as the Montefeltro, the Uffizi Gallery.
Only Lucrezia della Rovere († February 18, 1652 ), daughter of the illegitimate son of Cardinal Giulio Feltrio ( younger son of Francesco Maria della Rovere, ), continued the family line. Through her marriage to Marcanotonio Lante, Duke of Bomarzo, she founded the family Lante Montefeltro della Rovere which still exists today.
Master list
- Leonardo ( or Beltramo ) from Savona ( Savona † c. 1430), ∞ Luchina Monteleoni Francesco della Rovere (1414-1484), Pope Sixtus IV (1471-1484)
- Raffaele della Rovere, Senator of Rome, (* 1423 Savona, Rome † 1477 ) ∞ 1422 Teodora Manirolo († c. 1480) Giuliano della Rovere (1443-1513), Pope Julius II (1503-1513)
- Leonardo della Rovere, February 22, 1472 Prefect of Rome, March 30, 1472 Duke of Sora and Arce ∞ Caterina Ferrante d' Aragona in Naples
- Bartolomeo della Rovere in 1472 Bishop of Massa in 1474 Bishop of Ferrara (* 1447 † Rome 1494)
- Giovanni della Rovere (* 1457 † Rome 1501), 1475 Duke of Sora and Arce, Lord of Sinigaglia ∞ Giovanna da Montefeltro, daughter of Federico da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino Francesco Maria della Rovere, (* 1490, † October 20, 1538 ) Duke of Urbino in 1508 Eleonora Gonzaga della Rovere ∞ († 1570), daughter of the Marquis Gianfrancesco II Gonzaga of Mantua Guidobaldo II della Rovere (* 1514, † 1574 ), Duke of Urbino and Gubbio, ∞ 1) 1534 Giulia Varano († February 17, 1547, Duchess of Camerino 1527-1539, ∞ 2) Vittoria Farnese, daughter of the Duke Pier Luigi II. Farnese of Parma Virginia ( * 1544, † 1571) ∞ 1 ) Principe Federico Borromeo, Duca di Camerino, Principe di Oria, Conte di Arona ( † 1562); ∞ 2 ) 1564 Prinicipe Ferdinando Orsini Duca di Gravina († 1589 )
- Francesco Maria II della Rovere ( born February 20, 1549 † April 28, 1631, followed in 1574, abdicated on 14 May 1621 again takes over the government on June 28, 1623 abdicated a second time on December 20, 1623 and passes the Pope Urbino ∞ 1) January 19, 1570, divorced in 1576, Lucrezia d' Este ( born December 16, 1535 † February 12, 1598 ) daughter of Ercole II d' Este, ∞ 2) Livia della Rovere, his cousin Federico Ubaldo della Rovere (* 1605, † 1625) ∞ 1621 Erbherzog of Urbino Claudia de ' Medici ( 1604-1648 ), daughter of Grand Duke Ferdinand I of Tuscany Vittoria della Rovere ( born February 7, 1622 † March 6, 1694 ) ∞ 1634 Grand Duke Ferdinand II of Tuscany, the omitted 1644 Urbino.
- Ippolito della Rovere ( illegitimate) († 1620), Margrave of San Lorenzo Livia della Rovere ∞ Francesco Maria II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino
- Giulio della Rovere († 1636)
- Lucrezia della Rovere (* 1589, † 1652) ∞ Marcantonio Lante, Duca di Bomarzo. Their descendants to this day continue Lante Montefeltro della Rovere the name
- Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere (1471-1507), Cardinal of the Catholic Church
- Girolamo Basso della Rovere
- Maria Basso della Rovere ∞ Antonio Grosso Clemente Grosso della Rovere (1462-1504), Cardinal of the Catholic Church
- Girolamo Riario (* 1443 in Savona, † 1488 in Forlì ), possibly Girolamo was the son of Pope Sixtus IV