House of Oldenburg

The House of Oldenburg founded on an old North German princely family, whose origins lie in the so-called Osnabrück Nordland. It was witnessed by Egilmar I. in 1091 for the first time safely. The eponymous castle Aldenburg (Oldenburg ) was due to the Hunte, was first mentioned in 1108 and served the Count of Oldenburg since the mid-12th century as a residence.

The reigning royal houses of Denmark and Norway belong genealogically to the House of Schleswig -Holstein -Sonderburg- Glücksburg, a branch line of the Princely House of Oldenburg, as did the former Greek royal family and the descendants of ( from the Greek line -derived ) husband of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II

History

Importance was the gender of Oldenburg, as a Christian I in 1448, the eldest son of Count Dietrich of Oldenburg ( † 1440), King of Denmark, and was elected in 1457 to the King of Sweden and Norway. His younger brother Gerhard IV Gen. Gerd the Bold ( abged. 1482 ) (c. 1430-1500 ) continued the ruling in the County of Oldenburg Count's line became extinct with the death of the country historically outstanding Count Anton Günther in 1667. Anton, the illegitimate son of Anton Gunther is founder of the semi-sovereign house Aldenburg - Bentinck, while the County of Oldenburg falls to the Danish royal line. From this to, inter alia, the Schleswig-Holstein - Gottorp lines (also Holstein -Gottorp ) and Schleswig -Holstein -Sonderburg branched off.

Count Anton Günther (1583-1667)

The special burger line was divided into many branches: The Augustenburger branch of Schleswig -Holstein -Sonderburg- Augustenburg went out in 1931 In contrast, the younger Glücksburg line came - Holstein -Sonderburg- Glücksburg line, actually the Dukes of Beck - 1863 Christian IX. . on the Danish throne and holds this position until today. King Christian IX. second son in 1863 when George I King of Greece. His descendants have reigned there until 1967.

Charles, grandson of Christian IX. , As Håkon VII was King of Norway in 1905, where the Oldenburg also make up today the King. The Greek branch represents ( born Prince Philippos Andreou from Greece and Denmark), the British heir to the throne of Charles, son of Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh.

Even before the Glücksburger line received the Danish royal dignity, the elder branch of Schleswig -Holstein -Gottorp had with Karl Peter Ulrich as Peter III. the Russian Tsar throne attained. His descendants ruled under the name of Romanov -Holstein -Gottorp to 1918 in Russia.

1751 became Adolf Friedrich, a scion of the Gottorp line, the crown of Sweden, and was the founder of the Swedish royal line that possessed the throne until 1818, which then went through adoption to the House of Bernadotte. With Friedrich August von Holstein -Gottorp (1711-1786), the Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, was a brother of Adolf Frederick of Sweden in the Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo in 1773, the county of Oldenburg and 1776 was elevated to Duke. From him the Grand Dukes (since 1815) of Oldenburg ( Holstein -Gottorp younger line ) come from, who ruled until 1918.

Overview of the main lines of the General House of Oldenburg

  • Oldenburg ( originally Count's line, introduced in 1448 from the Kings of Denmark, extinct 1863) Oldenburg ( Count's line from 1448, extinct 1667)
  • Schleswig -Holstein -Gottorp ( presented since 1544 dukes of Schleswig- Holstein) Romanov -Holstein -Gottorp (founded by Karl Peter Ulrich, who as Peter III. Russian Tsar was ) presented the Czar of Russia to 1918
  • Holstein -Gottorp, older line ( 1751-1818 presented by the Swedish kings, upon the death of the last male descendant of King Gustav IV Adolf in 1809 sold in 1878 extinct)
  • Holstein -Gottorp, Younger Line ( 1773-1918 presented by the (large) Dukes of Oldenburg), see below
  • Schleswig -Holstein -Sonderburg- Glücksburg younger line, put the Dukes of Schleswig -Holstein -Sonderburg- Glücksburg ( 1825, non- reigning house ), the kings of Denmark ( since 1863 ), Greece ( 1863-1924 and 1935-1974 ) and Norway ( since 1905 )

Prominent representatives

The most significant representative of the whole House of Oldenburg ( Glücksburg all the line belonging ) are currently:

  • Queen Margrethe II of Denmark,
  • King Harald V of Norway,
  • Constantine II, until 1974 Greek king.
  • Queen Sophia of Spain,
  • Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, prince consort of Queen Elizabeth II,

King Harald V of Norway ( b. 1937 )

King Constantine II of Greece ( b. 1940 ) and Queen Anne -Marie, Princess of Denmark ( b. 1946 )

Queen Sophia of Spain, Princess of Greece and Denmark ( b. 1938 )

Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince of Greece and Denmark ( b. 1921 )

The recent House of Oldenburg since 1776

Catherine II of Russia, which of the guardianship of the Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, the Erbherzog of Holstein- Gottorp, held ( the elder branch of the house of Holstein -Gottorp reigned since 1762 as House of Romanov -Holstein -Gottorp in Russia), exchanged after negotiations 1767 in May 1773 holstein - gottorpischen hereditary lands against the then Danish counties of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst; this occurred Grand Duke Paul by the Treaty of Tsarskoye Selo end of 1773 the Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, Friedrich August, a member of remaining in Holstein younger branch of the house of Holstein -Gottorp and brother of the Swedish king Adolf Frederick, from. Through this process, Russia renounced all claims to the Duchy of Schleswig, which fully came into Danish possession now, it has also been the Bishopric of Lübeck, to date a gottorpische Sekundogenitur with rich immediate areas north of Lübeck and to Eutin, united with Oldenburg in fact the same person. The existing since the Middle Ages county Oldenburg was raised by the end of 1774 Reich decree to the Duchy. In the realm in 1803, the Bishopric of Lübeck was then converted into a hereditary secular principality and awarded as the Principality of Lübeck the Dukes of Oldenburg. 1804, agreed the Duke of Oldenburg Peter Friedrich Ludwig in comparison with the Hanseatic city of Lübeck on a distribution of the pin plots in the city and the lands of the chapter, so that mutually was a bolt-on zoning particularly in the enclaves of Lübeck.

1815 was collected at the Vienna Congress, the Duchy of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg and shortly thereafter became further territorial expansion, including the Principality of Birkenfeld on the Nahe and the rule of Jever. 1854 Oldenburg joined at the German Customs Union in 1867 and the North German Confederation, in 1871 it became a federal state of the German Empire. In the wake of the November Revolution Grand Duke Friedrich August renounced the throne on 11 November 1918. The Oldenburg Residenz palace and Jever went over to the State, the castles Rastede in Oldenburg and Eutin and Güldenstein in East Holstein remained in the possession of the ducal house.

Heads of the House of Oldenburg ( German line) since 1776

  • Frederick Augustus I of the House of Schleswig -Holstein - Gottorp, 1st Duke of Oldenburg ( 1776-1785 )
  • Peter Frederick William, titular (1785-1823)
  • Peter I Friedrich Ludwig, Prince Regent (1785-1810) and (1813-1823), Grand Duke (1823-1829)
  • August I, Grand Duke (1829-1853)
  • Peter II, Grand Duke (1853-1900)
  • Augustus II, Grand Duke (1900-1918), head of the House (1918-1931)
  • Nikolaus Friedrich Wilhelm Hereditary Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1931-1970)
  • Anton Günther Duke of Oldenburg ( 1970-present )

Castle Rastede

Castle Eutin

Good Güldenstein

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