House of Orange-Nassau
Orange, today actually Orange-Nassau (in Dutch Oranje -Nassau ), is the name of the reigning royal family of the Netherlands. Your political supporters used to be called Orangemen.
Originally, the name comes from the Provencal Orange County Orange ( French Orange ), later the Principality of Orange in the Rhone Valley in France today.
The ruling in the Netherlands part of the House of Nassau holds since 1530 the title of Prince of Orange (Prince d' Orange / Prins van Oranje ). According to another mode of inheritance in 1702, both the House of Orange -Nassau and the House of Hohenzollern Prussia held the title of Prince of Orange. Translation Prince of Orange is only for the historical ( Republican ) governor of the Netherlands from the House of Orange- Nassau ( until 1795 ) correctly, but went the Principality of Orange ( Orange, Orange) on April 11, 1713 lost the nassauern. The title Prince of Orange was confirmed by treaty with the King of Prussia on 16 June 1732 and was in the form, also known as Wilhelm I on December 2, 1813 only sovereign prince of the Netherlands, and finally on March 16, 1815 King of the Netherlands and Duke ( from 9 June 1815-23. November 1890 Grand Duke ) of Luxembourg, was maintained until today. Since 24 August 1815, the title of Prince of Orange is traditionally under the Constitution of the Netherlands, the title of Crown Prince of the Netherlands, who was always the eldest son of the king. Since a constitutional reform on 17 February 1983, always the oldest child of head of state heir to the throne, Crown Prince or Crown Princess So, regardless of gender. Since 20 May 2002, the female form Princess van Oranje is also possible for a Crown Princess. This regulation became effective on April 30, 2013 for the first time for Amalia van Oranje in force.
Grounds of the House of Orange
According to legend, the city of Orange in the Vaucluse department in southern France was occupied around the year 800 by a vassal of Charlemagne named William ( Guilhem d' orange). Although he was the first Count of Orange, he was not a blood relative of the present Prince of Orange. This William of Orange (see Saint- Guilhem -le- Désert ) also brought with William of Toulouse (aka William of Aquitaine ) and Saint- Guilhem in conjunction.
Principality
1163 the County of Frederick I Barbarossa was raised to the principality. About the gender Montpellier and the Baux less than 300 square kilometers Principality beginning of the 15th century came to the house of Chalon. The French king Francis I. annexed the Principality, and the last of the house of Chalon, Philibert of Chalon, was imprisoned from 1524 to 1526. Philibert took then as commander of Emperor Charles V at the Sacco di Roma in part, later defended Naples against the French and was given as a reward in 1529 back his principality. He died childless at age 28.
House of Orange -Nassau
Philibert's sister Claudia of Chalon was with Henry III. married from Nassau ( the Nassauer were already in possession of large parts of the Netherlands ). The son of Henry and Claudia, Renatus, inherited the principality. Before Renatus died without legitimate heirs, he named his cousin Wilhelm von Nassau- Dillenburg as heirs, the hand could call Prince of Orange. Condition of Emperor Charles V was that Wilhelm was raised Catholic in his court in Brussels.
William III. of England
As William's great-grandson William III. (along with Queen Mary II, King of England) died childless in 1702, the principality was inherited by his cousin Johann Wilhelm Friso of Nassau -Diez († 1711). However, the King of Prussia, Frederick I rose, claim to the title as a closer male relative of William I of Orange. Because both of Frederick Mother Louise Henriette of Orange and Frederick paternal grandmother Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate were granddaughters of William I.
Orange falls to France
1713 reached the territory of the Principality finally to France. Title and coat of arms fell, however, to the Prussian King Friedrich I of France King Louis XIV, however, awarded the title of prince (Prince) to the Marquis de Mailly Nesle -, a French nobleman. He justified his actions with the alleged absence of a rightful heir and that he could therefore freely dispose of land and titles. However, acquired in 1713, the Nassauer again the right to title and emblem.
As a result, today carry three people at a time the title Prince ( essin ) of Orange: first the heir of the House of Orange - Nassau ( Crown Princess Amalia ), 2nd Chief of the House of Hohenzollern (Georg Friedrich Ferdinand ) and 3 of the French Marquis Mailly- Nesle.
The son of Johann Wilhelm Frisos, William IV († 1751 ), in 1747 hereditary governor of all Dutch provinces, thus united again all rich German and Dutch possessions of the house and was the first in the title of Prince of Orange and Nassau. The grandson of William IV in 1815 King William I of the Netherlands, founding today's Dutch royal house.
Paleis Noordeinde, The Hague
Huis ten Bosch, The Hague
Palace Het Loo