Hoysala Empire
The Hoysala were an Indian dynasty that ruled between about 1040 and 1345 a stable state in the area of today's state of Karnataka. She was until about 1190, a vassal of the Chalukya and was replaced in 1346 by the Vijayanagar Empire.
Origin and Rise
Originally the term referred to a tribe that produced in the forest and mountains of Karnataka to Kalabhra - time (from 250) " highwaymen and troublemakers ". When they came to power were their princes but defenders of the Hindu right.
In the early 12th century, the Hoysala were among the great vassals of the Chalukya. Already in 1117 donated her king Vishnuvardhana (reigned about 1108-1142 ) after a win against the Chennakeshava Chola temple in Belur, its former capital. To 1122, he acted even against the well-known Chalukya King Vikramaditya II (r. 1076-1127 ) and lost. Vishnuvardhana is also a patron of the philosopher Ramanuja ( 1017-1137 * ) are known.
The independent Kingdom
But after the death of Vikramaditya II disintegrated the Chalukya empire. The Hoysala under Vishnuvardhanas grandson Vira Ballala II (r. about 1173-1220 ) were able to take with victories over the Chalukya king Someshwara IV and the Yadava king Sevuna Bhillama V. in 1190 the succession. For further validation was a marriage alliance with the Chola. Ballala II also continued to build the temple in Belur his grandfather.
The neighbors of the Hoysala were the Yadava Kings of Devagiri ( also former vassal of the Chalukya in the north, between the Narmada and Godavari ) and the Pandya kings of Madurai on the south. The latter took over in the early 13th century, the successor to the Chola and put under Jatavarman Sundara (r. 1251-1268 ) finally a serious threat to the Hoysala dar. The Hoysala king Someshvara II (r. 1234-63 ) fell in a battle against Jatavarman Sundara and the question of succession caused a thirty -year-long division of the kingdom.
The ancestral homeland of the Hoysala dynasty was in the southwestern highlands, the capital was Dvarasamudra (now Halebid ), nearly 170 km north- west of Mysore. The cultural legacies of the dynasty consist of temples in Belur, Halebid ( Hoysaleshwara Temple, from 1121 ), Somnathpur ( Keshava temple to 1268 ), Shravanabelagola. Poetry ( Kannada - language ) also was in bloom.
Defeats against the Muslims and succession by Vijayanagar
Malik Kafur, the general of the Delhi Sultan Ala ud- Din Khalji broke in 1311 with the support of the Yadava king against the Hoysala Empire and overran its capital by forced marches, as King Vira Ballala III. (reigned 1291-1343 ) was just on a campaign against the Pandya kings of Madurai. Ballala III. only remained to surrender and pay tribute.
As a result, the Hoysala lost the entire northern border of the Delhi Sultan Muhammed Tughluk (reigned 1325-1351 ), who had in 1327 also destroy the capital Dvarasamudra. In response to the expansion of the Sultan sat Ballala III. one ( already mentioned in inscriptions in 1320, as a city was founded by Ballala III. ) with some probability, the brothers Harihara and Bukka as margrave in Vijayanagar. They founded the eponymous kingdom of Vijayanagar.
Ballala III. 1342 lost the battle of Trichinopoly against Ghiyas -ud -din, the Sultan of Madurai ( the sultanate was founded in 1334 ), was captured and executed. Harihara of the Vijayanagar apparently took over many of its areas, and after the death Ballala IV in 1345 and the succession of the Hoysala dynasty, the widow Ballalas III. was still 1349 Honorary called before him.
Kings
- Vinayaditya (reigned about 1047-1101 )
- Vishnuvardhana (reigned about 1108-1152 )
- Narasimha I (reigned about 1152-1173 )
- Vira Ballala II (r. 1173-1220 )
- Narasimha II (r. 1220-34 )
- Someshvara II (r. 1234-63 )
- Narasimha III. ( -1291 ) And Ramanatha ( -1293 )
- Vira Ballala III. (r. 1291-1343 )
- Vira Ballala IV (reigned 1343-1345 )