Hrubý Jeseník

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Vrch Hruby Jeseník, view from Uhlířský, Velka kotlina and Praděd (right)

The Altvatergebirge, also High dies, Czech Hruby Jeseník is a mountain range in Silesia and Northern Moravia. It is part of the mountain range of the Sudetes as its easternmost part. The highest mountain is the Praděd (Altvater ) with 1,491 m above sea level West of Praděd located with the pumped storage plant Dlouhe Stráně the largest pumped storage power plant in the Czech Republic. To the north, the Zuck Manteler Bergland closes on whose foothills reach at Głuchołazy Polish territory. Politically, there is the Altvatergebirge in the two counties Olomouc Region and Moravian-Silesian Region.

Outline and main summit

In Altvatergebirge 56 peaks reach altitudes above 1000 mnm It is divided into three geomorphological sub-units:

• Pradědská hornatina (Altvater mountains ) in the south between the passes Skřítek and Cervenohorské saddleback. The main peaks are Pecný ( 1334 m), Břidličná ( 1358 m), Jelení hřbet ( 1367 m), Velky Maj ( 1384 m), Vysoká hole ( 1464 m), Petrovy kameny ( 1438 m), Praděd ( 1491 m, the highest peak ), Maly Děd ( 1355 m), Velky Jezeník (1304 m), Výrovka ( 1167 m) and Velky Klínovec ( 1164 m). From the main ridge runs to the west of the massif of Mravenečník ( 1343 m ) to the south Ostružná ( 1184 m) and to the east Vysoká hora ( 1031 m) and Žárový vrch ( 1094 m).

• Keprnická hornatina ( Kepernik Highlands ) is located in the north- west between the passes Cervenohorské saddleback and Ramzová. In the main ridge of the mountains Cervena hora lie ( 1333 m), Keprník ( 1423 m, the highest peak of the mountains ) and Šerák ( 1351 m), in the southwest Vozka ( 1377 m ) and the solid Cerna stráň ( 1237 m).

• Medvědská hornatina ( Bärenfang Highlands ) lies in the northeast. It is much flatter than the other two parts, and is separated by the passes Vidly and Rejviz. Main peaks are Medvědí vrch ( 1216 m, the highest peak ), Orlik ( 1204 m) and Jelení Loučky ( 1205 m).

Climate, vegetation and land use

The central European transitional climate has in Altvatergebirge already continental trains on, which means the summers are warmer and the winters colder than southern German territories situated approximately on the 50th degree of north latitude. The average number of frost days per year is well above 100 Spring catchment generally starts after the May 20 The average annual temperatures of maximum earnings amount 40 C. The heights have an annual rainfall of over 1400 mm. This high amount of water means that there are many streams. On these also the first German settlers in the Middle Ages have invested their villages, for this stream and river valleys are blessed with good weather. The characteristic form of settlement is the Waldhufendorf. The Altvatergebirge is on the main European watershed ( Or - Baltic Sea / Danube - Black Sea).

The mountain is a vast forest landscape, especially spruce and beech trees grow here. The tree line is around 1300 m. A krummholz belt guides to bristle grass corridor over with sub-alpine and nordic herbs, especially on the flat sloped hills and the wide corrugated, often romantic flat ridge heights ( for example, the Hohenheide ). Agricultural lands are often not very profitable. The former grazing was largely abandoned in favor of tourism.

Nature Conservation and Tourism

In the field of Altvater Mountains was declared with an area of 740 km ² because of numerous natural resources and their conservation in 1969 the nature reserve Jeseníky. It includes eleven small-area protection zones. A petition with 15,000 signatures calling for a " National Park Hruby Jesenik " in 2011 to the Czech Environment Minister Chalupa passed, with some local mayors and state forest enterprises speak out against it.

Tourism, the Altvatergebirge is used as a recreational and hiking area. For winter sports, some ski resorts offer, such as Červenohorské sedlo ( Red Mountain Saddle) or Praděd - Ovčárna ( the highest ski area in the Czech Republic ). Also for cross-country skiing are numerous trails and signposted routes available. Known spas and health resorts are Karlova Studánka ( Bad Karlsbrunn ), the Schroth -site Lipová- Lázně ( Bad Lindewiese ) Prießnitzkur -site Graefenberg ( today part of Jeseník / Freiwaldau ) and Velké Losiny ( Bath United Ullersdorf ) with warm sulfur springs.

Geology

Geologically the Altvatergebirge belongs to Moravosilesikum ( Moravian- Silesian zone). There is one in the Czech Republic to those areas that are characterized by a striking diversity of metamorphic rocks. The mountain range is formed in the main by two Gneisaufwölbungen. In places where these resign, there are ancient rock formations like granite or gneiss, partly from the Proterozoic. The folds also resulted in the uplifting of amphibolites, pyroxenites and peridotites and the transformation products, the serpentinites. These are represented northeast stroking and insular in the western area of the Altvater Mountains. In the northeast extending folds gradients are found every now and then gray marbles, which were the subject of mining activities for the purpose of lime and stone extraction in the past.

Another important factor in the overall construction of the so-called Friedeberger granite massif is in the northwestern mountainous part, which is to find the place Žulová and forms the transition to Reichensteiner Mountains. It is composed of granites, granodiorites and migmatites.

When Bela pod Pradědem there are rocks of the Devonian. These are mainly limestones, phyllites and chlorite.

In the vicinity of Červenohorský lom ( Rotbergsteinbruch ), such as on Praděd, gneiss is revealed.

For the tectonic structure of the Jeseníky five areas can be distinguished:

• Großwürbenthaler unit ( jednotka velkovrbenská )
• Zone of Branná ( Zóna BRANNE ), stratigraphic series
• Kepernik anticline ( Keprnická klenba )
• Zone of Rotbergsattels ( Zona Červenohorského Sedla ), stratigraphic series
• Tess anticline ( Desenská klenba )

In the north the Altvatergebirge borders the Upper Silesian Basin. In the west it is bounded by the mountain ranges of the Eagle Mountain Snow Mountain Kristallinikum ( Orlicko - sněžnické krystalinikum ), which has a similar geological structure. To the east and southeast, the area closes at from the lower dies ( Nízký Jeseník ). In the south is in contact with the Šumperk expiring Carpathian pre- sink ( Karpatská předhlubeň ).

Population

For a long time the inaccessible mountain areas were scarcely inhabited. A more extensive colonization of the Jeseníky was initially in the Middle Ages by settlers from Silesia. These German -speaking population was, until the late 1940s, by far the majority of the population. In addition, settled in different languages ​​, but in the vast majority of German or Czech speaking families in the context of internal migration within the Habsburg Monarchy, and later the Czechoslovak Republic in the region.

The German -speaking population reached by the expulsion after the Second World War, mainly in the Federal Republic of Germany and in the East, to a lesser extent also to Austria. The population loss by the state tried to collect by Czechs recruited from central parts of the country, Czech repatriates, Slovaks, Roma and Greek civil war refugees as a new citizen. However, the former population density could not be achieved.

Czech- German word concordance

Due to the colonization history extensively, there are also German geographical names. The following list is intended to facilitate the assignment of the name for the main summits and passes:

Mountains:

• Břidličná ( 1358 m) - Slate Heather
• Cerna stráň ( 1237 m) - Black conducting
• Cervena hora ( 1333 m) - Red Mountain
• Jelení hřbet ( 1367 m) - Deer Crest
• Jelení Loučky ( 1205 m) - Hirschwiesen
• Karnzloník ( 1420 m ) - Holy Karpacz
• Keprnická hornatina - Kepernik Highlands
• Keprník ( 1423 m) - Glaseberg
• Maly Děd ( 1355 m) - Little Father Berg
• Medvědí vrch ( 1216 m) - Bärenfang tip
• Medvědská hornatina - Bärenfang Highlands
• Mravenečník ( 1343 m) - ants Karpacz
• Orlik ( 1204 m) - Urlichkuppe
• Ostružná ( 1184 m) - Spornhau
• Pecný ( 1334 m) - stone oven
• Petrovy kameny ( 1438 m) - Peter Stone
• Praděd ( 1491 m, the highest peak ) - Altvater
• Pradědská hornatina - Altvater Bergland
• Šerák ( 1351 m) - high band
• Velky Děd ( 1380 ) - Great Father Berg
• Velky Klínovec ( 1164 m) - Large Käulingberg
• Velky Maj ( 1384 m) - Mayberg
• Vozka ( 1377 m ) - Fuhrmann stone
• Vysoká hole ( 1464 m) - Hohe Heide
• Vysoká hora ( 1031 m) - High Mountain
• Žárový vrch ( 1094 m) - Brandberg

Passing:

• Cervenohorské saddleback - Rotenberg saddle ( also Red - mountain saddle )
• Ramzová - Ramsauer saddle
• Rejviz - Rejvíz
• Skřítek - "Mountain Spirit" ( when Brandseifner Moor )
• Vidly - Fork