HSBC
The bank HSBC ( Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Holdings PLC ) is an international bank based in London. According to the Fortune Global 500 list 2012 HSBC Holdings, the world of the 53- largest companies (2011: rank 46). 2012 total assets amounted to 2,692 billion $ (U.S. dollars), the profit before tax $ 20.65 billion. After the stock market value of 102.72 billion euros in 2011, it is the largest bank in Europe.
The British financial institution is represented in Germany by HSBC Trinkaus.
HSBC is one of 28 major banks, which (FSB ) as " systemically important financial institution" ( systemically important financial institution) were classified by the Financial Stability Board. Therefore it is subject to special monitoring and stringent requirements on the equity capital / own funds. Due to the international integration a failure of the bank is considered so risky that their failure is considered to have a particularly high risk to the international financial markets. It must, therefore, in addition to three other institutes the highest so far required surcharge of 2.5 percentage points above the already required rate of 8% ( Common equity 4.5 % 1.5% additional core capital = Tier 6% supplementary capital 2% = Own funds 8 % antizykl. capital buffers are 2.5 % = 10.5 % 2.5% for systemically important banks = 13% actual capital adequacy requirement ) in equity / of own resources measured by risk- weighted assets, as well as to the standards of Basel III.
- 6.1 Corporate Structure
History
The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation was founded in 1865 in Hong Kong on the former peak of world trade recovery by Scotsman Thomas Sutherland to finance British trade in the Far East. Founding shareholder at that time was, among others, the German private bank Berenberg, Gossler & Co., which founded together with other business people, the bank in order to finance the growing international trade between Europe, China and the United States. The first Board of Directors of HSBC was composed of British, German, Swiss, Persian and American businessmen. In the period of German business interests had significant influence on the development of the bank, which is reflected among others by two German businessmen who had been occupied for many years on the Executive Board.
From this fact, it is also to explain that in 1889 beside offices in London and Lyon a branch in Hamburg was opened also, what were the first representatives of HSBC in Europe.
1959, the British Bank of the Middle East was acquired in 1978 a majority stake in Marine Midland Bank, and in 1992 was followed by the acquisition of British Midland Bank. For legal reasons, HSBC had to relocate with this purchase its headquarters to London.
From February 2009, CEO Michael Geoghegan will expand from Hong Kong 's business in Asia.
Financial Crisis 2008/2009
In the context of the financial crisis, HSBC waived in early 2009 on State aid and instead introduced a capital increase of 12.5 billion pounds (about 13.76 billion euros ) through which was drawn by 96.6 percent of the existing shareholders.
Company Profile
HSBC is headquartered in London and has over 7200 stores in over 80 countries. The company is represented on all continents.
HSBC Amanah
The global division HSBC Amanah is specialized in Islamic banking division of HSBC. It was founded in 1998 with the aim to reveal the global activities of the HSBC in this area under a single brand. HSBC Amanah has Regional Offices in the United Kingdom, the United States, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Singapore and Brunei.
In the field of Islamic bonds ( Sukuk ) HSBC Amanah is the leading supplier worldwide. It has already launched the third halal loan for Pakistan after in 2002 for Malaysia and 2003 for such a Qatar Financial construct was successfully launched in 2005.
Scientists point to the business activities of HSBC, which are used to support fundamentalist Islamic groups.
Criticism
In September 2010, HSBC was sentenced along with ten other banks by the Conseil de la Concurrence to pay a fine in the amount of 381.1 million euros. The banks had made an arrangement to the effect that they and July 2007 of its customers 4.3 cents per check fees check required by January 2002 in order to achieve extra profits. This was 80 % of the checks used in France. By 2002, the check transactions in France was free. After the intervention of the banking supervision, " unlawfully " called the gains, this practice was stopped. The banks of the cartel were also punished for excessive fees along with 3.8 million euros.
In July 2012, the Bank by the U.S. Senate was " thoroughly nasty [n ] corporate culture " because of their ( " pervasively polluted " ) reprimanded. The raised allegations related money laundering for terrorists and drug traffickers. In December 2012, the Bank and the U.S. Attorney's Office agreed to a fine in the amount of 1.9 billion U.S. dollars for the inadequate controls that made money laundering in the past can have (profits before tax in the third quarter of 2012: 3.5 billion U.S. dollars). This is the highest fine ever paid for such a crime. While economic reasons were given by the Deputy Minister of Justice, Lanny Breuer U.S. decision not to prosecute. According to Breuer would have been the prosecution of HSBC to serious consequences, as the bank would have its banking license in the U.S. is very likely to be lost, thus the continuation of the bank would have been at risk, which would turn thousands of cost of jobs and led to the destabilization of the entire banking system.
The building
The Bank building in Hong Kong was designed by Norman Foster and built under the responsibility of his partner Roy Fleetwood. It is considered an architectural icon and has long been the most expensive building in the world. In London, the company is in HSBC HSBC Tower.
At the site of the present headquarters in Hong Kong since 1935, was an older building, which had to make way for the present building. The building, whose design claimed six years (1979-1985), is a prominent example of the high-tech style. The skyscraper is 179 meters high, has 47 floors and is remarkable in many ways. Thus, the individual floor sections are, for example, hooked ( on the right picture turquoise ) to be applied to the outside of falsework and only with cross braces (on the picture orange) stiffened. Supply elements such as toilets and rest rooms are arranged clearly visible on the outside of the building (white, on the left edge of the image), a typical element of this style of architecture.
The principal subsidiaries of the Group
Corporate Structure
HSBC Holdings plc
- HSBC Bank plc, 100 % HSBC France, 99.90%
- HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt AG, 80.00 %
- HSBC Bank AS Turkey, 100 %
- HSBC Private Bank ( Suisse) SA, 100 %
- HSBC Bank Egypt SA, 94.00 %
- The Saudi British Bank, 40.00 %
- HSBC Asia Holdings (UK ) Limited, 100 %
- HSBC Bank of China Co. Limited, 100 %
- HSBC Bank Vietnam Limited, 100 %
- HSBC Bank ( Taiwan ) Limited, 100 %
- HSBC Bank Australia Limited, 100 %
- HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad, 100 %
- PT Bank Ekonomi Raharja Tbk, Indonesia, 98.00 %
- Hang Seng Bank China Limited, 100 %
- HSBC Bank Canada, 100 %
- HSBC Investments (North America) Inc., 100 % HSBC Finance Corporation, USA, 100%
- HSBC Securities USA Inc., 100 %
- HSBC Bank USA N.A, 100 %
- HSBC Mexico S.A, 99 %
- HSBC Bank Brasil S.A.
- HSBC Bank Argentina S.A., 99.00%
Source: Simplified Structure Chart of HSBC Holdings plc ( PDF)