Hu Xiansu
Hu Xiansu (Chinese胡先 骕/胡先 骕, Pinyin Hu Xiansu, W.-G. Hu Hsien -Su, born May 24, 1894 in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province; † July 16, 1968 in Beijing) was a Chinese herbalist, educator and cultural scholars. He was the founding father of botanical taxonomy and China - along with Qian Chongshu - champion of a modern Chinese botany. In addition, he was also one of the founders of modern biology in China. In botanical literature he is usually quoted as the name Hsen - Hsu Hu. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Hu ".
In the early 1920s he founded together with Mei Guangdi the humanities journal Xueheng (学 衡The Critical Review), the protection and defense of China's culture devoted to and the development of Guoxue (国学) contributed, so one of the pre-classical China, especially Confucianism concentrated spiritual science. The appreciation of Western culture as it was the other represented by Hu Shi and he disapproved.
In the early 1950s criticized Hu Xiansu public the then widespread in the Soviet Union Lysenko theory that acquired characteristics were inherited. Together with Tan Jiazhen, he represented the development of the foot attributable to genes genetics after Mendel- Morgan 's laws. Since Soviet dogma at that time were binding for Chinese scientists, Hu Xiansu was criticized politically sharp.
Life and work
Hu Xiansu was born on May 24, 1894 in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. From 1909 to 1913 he completed his preparatory course at the Jingshi Daxue Tang (京师 大 学堂), which later became Beijing University. This was followed from 1913 to 1916 graduated with BA degree at the Faculty of Forestry of the College of Agriculture of the University of California, Berkeley.
1916 to 1918 he was Deputy Director of the Forestry Commission in Lushan, Jiangxi Province. 1918-1923 Hu Xiansu was a professor of Agricultural Sciences and Dean of the Faculty of Biology at the Pedagogical University of Applied Sciences Nanjing (Nanjing Gaodeng Shifan Xuexiao南京 高等 师范学校), from 1921 State University of the Southeast ( Guoli Dongnan Daxue国立 东南 大学), which later became Nanjing University ( 南京大学).
He then studied at Harvard University (1923 to 1925) with degrees MA and Ph. D. in botanical taxonomy.
At the Nanjing University ( " State University of the Southeast " ) from 1925 to 1928 he was Professor and Head of the Department of Botany of the Biological Institute of the " Scientific Society of China" (中国 科学 社).
In 1928 he founded in Beijing together with the manjurischen zoologists Bing Zhi the " Jingsheng Research Institute of Biology " (静 生 生物 调查 所), the forerunner of the Zoological and Botanical Research Institute of Academia Sinica (中国科学院). The name Jingsheng was available for the famous educator and early promoter of biological sciences fan Yuanlian (范 源 濂, 1876-1927 ), named with zì name Fan Jingsheng. From 1928 to 1932 he was Head of the Department of Botany of the " Jingsheng Research Institute of Biology ", a professor at the Biological faculty of Peking University and Beijing Normal University. From 1932 to 1940, Hu Xiansu was director of the " Jingsheng Research Institute for Biology ". During this time he continued the above two biology professors at major universities in Beijing and participated in the creation of the " Botanical Society of China" (中国 植物 学会). Around the same time, the foundation and the structure of the " Botanical Forest Garden" in Lushan and the "Research Institute of Botany, Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Yunnan ", the forerunner of today's Botanical Research Institute Kunming Academia Sinica (中国科学院 昆明 植物 研究所 ).
From 1940 to 1944 he was a founding principal of the Zhongzheng University (中正 大学), the later Nanchang University (南昌 大学). The post of Director of the " Jingsheng Research Institute of Biology " he held from 1946 to 1949.
In 1946 him from the National Central University ( Guoli Zhongyang Daxue国立 中央 大学) the discovery and identification of the living fossil Shuishan was achieved together with Professor Zheng Wanjun (水杉), the Urweltmammutbaums ( Metasequoia glyptostroboides ) from the family of the cypress family ( Cupressaceae ). The site was in the former county Wan (万县) of Sichuan Province, the present-day city Wanzhou District (万州 区) of the Chongqing Municipality.
From 1950 to 1968, Hu was Xiansu Science Council ( of the rank of professor ) at the research institutes for Botanical taxonomy and of Botany, Academia Sinica.
On July 16, 1968, he died in Beijing.
Works
- Icones filicum sinicarum (along with R.-C. Ching ), 1930
- Icones plantarum sinicarum (along with Woon -Young Chun ), 1927-1937