Hudson Valley

The Hudson Valley is the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in New York U.S. State, from the cities of Albany and Troy south to the northern Westchester County.

Geology and Geography

The valley of the Hudson River runs along the eastern border of the State of New York in North-South direction and intersects a series of rock rocks as Precambrian gneisses in the north and east, and sandstone and sandstone of the Triassic in the south. In the Hudson Highlands, the river enters a glacial valley landscape. To the west lies the vast highlands of the Appalachian Mountains. Approximately 15 km north of New York City, the valley extends to the Tappan Zee, the west side of the valley, where they form the Palisades, several hundred meters high cliffs of erosion-resistant diabase. The Palisades were found to be 1900 Palisades Interstate Park by the governors Theodore Roosevelt of New York and Foster M. Voorhees of New Jersey under protection and in 1965 declared a National Historic Landmark.

The Hudson Valley is a physiographic region of a section of the Valley and Ridge province zone within the American Division of the Appalachians. The northern part of the Hudson Valley is part of the ecoregion Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Lowlands.

During the last Ice Age, the valley was filled by a large glacier, which lasted until Long Iceland. At the end of the Ice Age, the Great Lakes, starting from the glacial Lake Iroquois, were drained by the Hudson River, Lake Ontario today is a remnant of Lake Iroquois. Extensive sand deposits mark the outflow of Lake Iroquois in the Hudson River and now form the Rome Sand Plains with the Pine Barrens.

History

The first Dutch settlement was established in 1614 with Fort Nassau, a trading post south of present-day Albany, on the Castle Iceland in the Hudson River. The purpose of the settlement was the exchange of European goods for beaver pelts. Fort Nassau was in 1624 replaced by the nearby Fort Orange. For half a century, the Hudson Valley was the center of the colony New Netherland, with the settlement of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island as the administrative headquarters, supply and defense base.

During the Seven Years' War in North America, which was conducted from 1754 onwards, was the northern end of the Hudson Valley, the line of defense of British against the over Lake Champlain from Canada advancing French troops.

In the American Revolution, the valley was one of the main venues. The strategy of the British was firstly to gain control of the river and thus to achieve a division of the colonies.

In the early 19th century, the Hudson Valley gained a reputation as a gloomy, populated by descendants of Dutch colonists area. To this end, the American writer Washington Irving has contributed with works such as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. The area is associated with the oriented on the German romantic painting painters of the Hudson River School in conjunction, who were active in the mid-19th century.

After the construction of the Erie Canal, the area was an important industrial center. The channel created for New York City with the Hudson River a trade route to the Great Lakes and the Midwest of the United States. Many of the industrial cities of the Hudson Valley experienced in the mid-20th century economic decline.

Pollution of the Hudson River

The numerous factories that used to lined the banks of the Hudson River, launched their industrial waste directly into the river. This pollution only became an issue in the 1970s. At this time, the largest yet working in the field company was General Electric, which got transferred the burden of cleaning the river. The biggest environmental impact represent Polychlorinated biphenyls ( PCBs), which accumulate in the food chain. In a more than 50 -kilometer section of the river 40 most highly contaminated sites have been identified. 2009 began with the dredging of the river bed to remove the contaminated debris.

The following year, General Electric explained to finance and implement further remedial measures on the Upper Hudson River between Fort Edward and Troy ready. This work will be supervised by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it is assumed that the dredging take place over five to seven years. Environmental groups in the region put General Electric in a bid to further action under pressure. Until the end of 2013 it became apparent that the contamination in terms of their spatial extent, their long-term effects on the ecosystem and the ways of their elimination have been underestimated.

Regions

The Hudson Valley is subdivided into three regions, Lower, Middle and Upper Hudson. The following list gives the membership of the county 's three regions again.

Lower Hudson

Westchester
Rockland
Putnam

Mid-Hudson

Dutchess
Orange
Ulster
Sullivan

Upper Hudson / Capital District

Columbia
Greene
Rensselaer
Albany

Communities in the Hudson Valley

Airmont
Albany
Ancram
Annandale -on-Hudson
Arlington
Athens
Balmville
Beacon
Brewster
Briarcliff Manor
Buchanan
Carmel
Castleton-on -Hudson
Catskill
Chester
Chestnut Ridge
Coeymans
Cohoes
Cold Spring
Congers
Copake
Cornwall
Cortlandt
Croton-on -Hudson
Delmar
Dobbs Ferry
East Fishkill
East Greenbush
Elsmere
Esopus
Fairview

Fishkill
Fort Montgomery
Garrison
Gardiner
German Town
Glasco
Goshen
Grand View -on-Hudson
Hastings-on -Hudson
Haverstraw
Highland
Highland Falls
Highland Mills
Hillburn
Hillcrest
Hillsdale
Hudson
Hyde Park
Irvington
Kinderhook
Kingston
Mahopac
Malden -on-Hudson
Marlboro
Menands
Middletown
Millbrook
Milton
Monroe
Montebello
Montgomery

Montrose
Mount Ivy
Nanuet
New Baltimore
New City
New Hamburg
New Paltz
New Windsor
Newburgh, City of
Newburgh, Town of
Nyack
Ossining
Palisades
Patterson
Pawling
Pearl River
Peekskill
Piermont
Pleasant Valley
Pomona
Port Chester
Port Ewen
Poughkeepsie
Putnam Valley
Ravena
Red Hook
Rensselaer
Rhinebeck
Rhinecliff
Saugerties
Selkirk

Sleepy Hollow
Sloatsburg
South Nyack
Sparkill
Spring Valley
Staatsburg
Stockport
Stony Point
Stuyvesant
Suffern
Taghkanic
Tarrytown
Tivoli
Troy
Upper Nyack
Valatie
Valhalla
Valley Cottage
Van Keurens
Verplanck
Wappinger
Warwick
Watervliet
Wawarsing
West Haverstraw
West Nyack
West Park
West Point
Woodstock
Yorktown

Sports

The Hudson Valley Renegades are a minor league baseball team, under the control of the Tampa Bay Rays. The team plays in Fishkill. The Hudson Valley Bears were an ice hockey team from Newburgh, that played in the 2008/2009 season in the Eastern Professional Hockey League.

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402787