Humanistic psychology
When humanistic psychology is a school of psychology. Your claim after it contributes to the fact that healthy, self- actualizing and creative personalities to unfold.
Formation
In 1962, psychologists and psychotherapists, the American Association for Humanistic Psychology (AHP ), which was the pioneer of this movement. Ideological roots Humanistic Psychology especially in humanism and, based in existentialism (Jean -Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger), in the Phenomenology ( Edmund Husserl ) and the functional autonomy ( Gordon Allport ).
Concepts
The first elaborated Humanistic psychology goes back to Abraham Maslow. His concept was later especially by Carl Rogers in his client-centered psychotherapy (also: person-centered, non-directive, talk therapy (GT ) or psychotherapy ) was added and developed for the practical range. The core thesis of Carl Rogers, humanistic psychology is:
"The individual has an incredible amount of potential ways to understand themselves and to change its self-concepts, his attitude and be self-directed behavior; This potential can be tapped if it is possible to produce a clearly defined psychological climate conducive settings. "
Mental disorders arise in the opinion of the followers of the humanistic psychology, if environmental factors block the self-development.
There are also figures in the history of psychology, that are not directly attributable to the humanistic psychology, but in their approach this closely related. For this purpose, often the founder of logotherapy and existential analysis Viktor E. Frankl, the Neopsychoanalytiker Erich Fromm with his humanistic psychoanalysis, Hans -Werner Gessmann with the psychodrama and the influence of Gestalt psychology Fritz Perls cited by its Gestalt therapy.
Basic assumptions of humanistic psychology are:
- Man is more than the sum of its parts
- Man lives in interpersonal relationships
- Man lives consciously and can sharpen his perceptions
- Man can decide
- Man is intentionally
In Germany organized the so-called company for academic psychotherapy ( MLA ), the training and the professional association life.
Criticism
Reinhard exchange, which has the merit of having acquainted with his work on psychotherapy designing Carl Rogers and client-centered psychotherapy in the German language, though agrees that the client-centered psychotherapy is a humane and gentle methods taking into account the experience world of the client, the concept of humanistic psychology but I get something negative, because it means a certain hostility towards science, especially towards empiricism and basic research associate. But it is precisely the responsible therapeutic work with clients need an empirical- scientific foundation.
An old criticism of the psychotherapy was that the Störungsspezifizität the etiology and treatment in respect was not well-developed in different disorders. Instead, the inhibited or blocked self- actualizing tendency was at that time rather than generalizing assumed disturbance trigger for all.