Hybrid

The noun and the adjective hybrid hybrid refer to something Bundled, Crossed or mixed. They are descended from Latin hybrida, " mongrel ".

Use

Technology

Generally understood in the art with a hybrid system, in which two technologies are combined.

The prefix designation hybrid emphasizes a system composed of different types or processes a whole. The special feature is that the matched elements are in themselves already solutions, new desirable properties can, however, arise from the matching.

Although the matching of various subsystems is almost a principle of systems, systems rather avoid such hybrid solutions. Because the hybrid -type means, that double or multiple solutions for the same function are used, which each have a different internal structure.

Systems keep their heads but rather from 1 to the multiple use of the same parts for the same function (redundancy) or 2 joining different subsystems for different purposes.

Structural components

In motor vehicles, the bumper will be made ​​of a combination of plastic ( glass fiber-reinforced polyamide) and metals ( steel or aluminum). The hybrid design allows one hand, the efficient production of complex geometric structures of heavy-duty, on the other hand, a weight saving, in the case of bumpers better handling with optimized weight distribution of the vehicle. The different materials, for example, by hybrid joining, combining several joining methods (example: spot-weld bonding ) together.

Drives and Motors

Hybrid drive systems consist of a combination of at least two distinct and separate energy storage and propulsion systems.

  • Probably the first hybrid vehicles were steam ships with sails (coal / wood on water wheel / propeller and wind to sail ).
  • A hybrid electric motor vehicle, a vehicle with two redundant storage and drive systems, one of which acts on a drive of an electric motor. Very common is the falsely -called hybrid variant combining two memory systems, with diesel, petrol or LPG as its main power source ( internal combustion engine and electric generator energy conversion ) and a current memory in the form of a battery or supercapacitor. Both storage systems act on only one drive system, an electric motor. True Hybidelektrofahrzeuge have the combination of a force acting on a differential gear combustion engine, and a force acting on the wheel hub electric motors power producers ( eg fuel cells ) and / or accumulator. The hybrid cars sold in Europe usually have a gasoline engine and an electric motor.
  • Hybrid rocket motors are a mixture of solid and liquid propulsion dar.
  • In automation technology is meant by "hybrid systems " systems which exhibit continuous and discrete states.
  • Hybrid or hybrid electronic circuit called electrical circuits using both analogue and digital technology in one module.
  • Accordingly, it is the case of hybrid computers to computers that have analog and digital components.
  • Hybrid microprocessors
  • In the hybrid hard disk or hybrid hard drive (HHD ) a conventional hard disk drive is combined with a flash memory.
  • In the high-frequency technology, the term " hybrid " is used as shorthand for a 90 ° hybrid from the group of the branch line.
  • In communications technology hybrid is used as shorthand for telephone hybrid ( Anschaltgerät ).
  • In the high-voltage technology to describe hybrid switchgear as those that are designed for overhead line applications and cable systems.
  • Hybrid network, a network of optical fibers and Kupferkoaxialleitungen (eg in Denmark)
  • CDs with various file systems: Hybrid CD
  • Hybrid Fiber Coax: line transmission of analog and digital signals of large bandwidth
  • Hybrid SLI / Hybrid Crossfire whereas the GPU is joined in the chipset to make SLI / Crossfire.
  • With Hybrid Software software is called that runs on different operating systems (for example, a game that runs on Windows and Macintosh, whose data are stored but on the same CD / DVD) or which consist of mutually combined offline and online components ( eg euro Mobil).
  • Hybrid encryption scheme combining different encryption technologies.
  • Under hybrid objects are understood in virtual reality objects that consist partly of real, partly out of virtual components.

Others

  • Wristwatches that have both an analog and a digital time display are referred to as hybrid clocks.
  • In construction, composite systems and composite materials are referred to as hybrids. Example: reinforced concrete, composite concrete and steel.
  • Applications: automotive, communications, electronics and electrical engineering, dentistry

Natural sciences

  • In botany and in zoology are called hybrid ( masculine ) or better hybrids ( feminine ) is a living thing that has emerged from the crossing of parents of different strains, races or species (including bastard ). These hybrids have a stable succession of generations on in reproduction. For example, mules are not mutually capable of reproduction. Plant hybrids such as certain high -yield seeds result in re- sowing crops again as the parent plants.
  • In molecular biology are known as hybrid a process in which a complementary single-strand anneals to a single strand of deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid as a hybridization - see hybridization (Molecular Biology).
  • In chemistry and atomic physics linear combinations of atomic orbitals are called hybrid orbitals.

Other Sciences

  • In political science we speak of hybrid systems - mixing systems. For example, the EU is neither an international organization such as the UN, nor a federation like the United States - it is respect for the sovereignty of its member states is a mixture of both.
  • In communication science is spoken by hybridization when joining multiple genres to a new one. So is the case with the genre Family Reality TV as a hybrid genre (eg: soap opera documentary = docu-soap; gameshow = documentary "reality game shows ").
  • In the mapping is called the hybrid representation of a view are located in the street and place names in an aerial photograph.
  • In linguistics hybrid called foreign words in the composition of different languages, such as local anesthesia ( from Latin: locus = place Greek: ἄν - = not αἴσθησις = feeling).
  • By " hybrid products " or "hybrid business models " is understood in business administration offerings, which include both a (technical) property and a service component.
  • In mathematics is known a number system, which has both characteristics of an addition and a priority system, as a " hybrid system ".
  • In medicine, we denote by hybrid ORs operating rooms that can be used both for elaborate diagnostics such as MRI or CT as well as for open procedures.

Economy

  • A hybrid bond has wear to the investor on the one hand benefits from an interest rate premium over conventional bonds, on the other hand he has a higher risk, as these bonds are handled in the event of company insolvency subordinated.
  • Hybrid capital: capital instruments that do can be clearly classified as equity or as debt because they, for example, bear losses, but on the other hand can also be terminated. Commenting on the decision by the EU Commission on the question of liability in the German Landesbanken Bernd Ziesemer in Handelsblatt writes: "The idea of ​​" equity-like " balance sheet values ​​( vulgo hybrid capital) is one of the recent inventions of the financial industry. " As a financial market instruments they can use the properties of different types of securities unite, for example: bonds, which are combined with an insurance contract.
  • " Hybrid buyer behavior " is called in marketing, if buyers show no firm ties to brands or businesses, but also switch between categories of offers. Example: An Aldi shoppers can buy his jacket thus also in Armani. Or a couple spends the 300 - euro - cheap holidays in Turkey and a few weeks later, a spa weekend for 400 € at the 5- star hotel in the Black Forest.
  • " Hybrid strategy " is called in the business strategy of the approach to try to achieve both Preis-/Kostenführerschaft and differentiation simultaneously. After Porter's U-turn is only possible either or. In between, hardly yields can generate. The Internet, globalization now allows customers to address a large amount so that cost leadership is possible. In addition, allow modern web pages to configure products digitally, so to individualize what differentiation is tantamount. Ultimately, the two approaches are combined into a so-called hybrid strategy.

Sport and Culture

  • In the sport of golf is a " hybrid " (or Rescue) a thug who tries to join the strike length of wood with the playability of an iron.
  • In tennis, a hybrid is a covering, in the main string to another string is used as the cross string.
  • The Ars Electronica Festival in 2005 was under the theme " Hybrid - living in paradox " and was devoted to the rapid processes of delimitation and fusion in art, technology and society.
  • Hybrid Theory is an album by the band Linkin Park.
  • Hybrid ( band ) are two British music producer, combine the electronic rhythms with classical symphonic elements like string arrangements.
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