Hypoxidaceae

Taglilienartige Hypoxis ( Hypoxis hemerocallidea )

The Hypoxidaceae are a family in the order of the asparagus -like ( Asparagales ). There are seven to nine genera with about 150-220 species. Some species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens, further usage, little is known.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Habit and foliage leaves

There are perennial herbaceous plants. Most species are geophytes and form rhizomes or tubers as outlasting. You are seasonally green or rarely evergreen.

The alternate and basal, often arranged in three lines leaves may be stalked or sessile. The simple and ganzrandigen leaf blades are folded up Plikat. The Blattnervatur is usually parallel-veined, but in some species they form a fiedernervige structure, but without cross-linking Seitennerven.Bei some species some or all of more or less parts of the plant are very hairy with different complex structures hair.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are terminal individually or together on Blütenstandsschäften in most total composite inflorescences of racemose, aged men, capitate or doldigen partial inflorescences. There may be bracts.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and rarely two, usually in threes. The free bracts are alike ( perianth ). Some taxa have only four instead of six bloom. The bloom are white, yellow to orange or rarely red to pink. Pro bloom there are (rarely three) four or six fertile stamens. In some taxa the stamens with the bloom cladding and / or with the stylus ( Curcilago ) are fused. The two-cell, sulcaten pollen grains have an aperture. Three ( or two) carpels are fused into a at constant ( syncarp ) ovary. There are a present to three stylus.

Fruit and seeds

It formed a capsule fruits or berries ( for example, Curculigo ). In a few species, the fruit capsules open with teeth or pores. The brown to black by Phytomelane seeds have plenty of oily endosperm.

Ingredients and chromosomes

It is stored starch. It can be stored as raphides of calcium oxalate crystals. They contain flavonols.

The chromosomes are 2-5 microns long. The chromosome numbers be n = 6-9, 11

Systematics and distribution

They occur in the Holarctic, Paläotropis, Neotropics, capensis and Australis. They are widely used, there are no species in Europe and northern Asia. One focus of biodiversity lies in the subtropics, particularly in southern Africa. Your areas ranging from moderate latitudes to the tropics. The habitats range from dry up to wetlands.

The first publication of the family took place in 1814 under the name Hypoxideae by Robert Brown in A Voyage to Terra Australis, 2, S. 576 is the type genus Hypoxis L..

The genera were formerly classified in the family Liliaceae or in a subfamily of the Amaryllidaceae Hypoxidoideae. But according to molecular genetic studies have found that they are not closely related to these two families.

The sister group of the Hypoxidaceae are the Asteliaceae, these two families are most closely related to the Lanariaceae and together with the Blandfordiaceae a monophyletic clade.

Cladogram for the closely related families within the order Asparagales of the after APWebsite:

Orchidaceae

Boryaceae

Blandfordiaceae

Lanariaceae

Asteliaceae

Hypoxidaceae

In the family of Hypoxidaceae there are seven to nine genera with about 150 to 220 species:

• Curculigo Gaertn. With about 13 species. Its distribution area are the subtropics to tropics of the southern hemisphere.
• Empodium Salisb. With about seven species. There are elements of Flore capensis.
• Hypoxidia F.Friedmann: With only two species in the Seychelles.
• Hypoxis L.: With 80 to 100 species with a wide distribution: tropical and southern Africa ( 41 species ) in the Neotropics, Southeast Asia and Australia.
• Molineria Colla: With about seven species from tropical Asia to Queensland in Australia.
• Pauridia Harv. , The only two species are endemic to the South African Western Cape.
• Rhodohypoxis Nel: The six species thrive in the summer rainfall areas of the capensis.
• Saniella Hilliard & BLBurtt: With only two species in the Capensis.
• Spiloxene Salisb. With about 25 species. They thrive mostly in swampy areas of winter rainfall areas of the capensis.

Use

Some species and their varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens. Little is known about any further use.

From Hypoxis hygrometrica the tubers can be eaten after thorough cooking ( Calciumoxalat-Kristalle! ).

Medical effects have been investigated, but without encouraging results.

The seeds of Hypoxis hygrometrica are hygrometric and are used by amateurs to the weather forecast.

Swell

• The Hypoxidaceae in APWebsite family. (English )
• Description of the family of Hypoxidaceae at DELTA. (English )
• J. Wiland & Szymanska I. Nordal: Flora of tropical East Africa, Hypoxidaceae, Kew. Royal Botanic Gardens, 2006, 25 pages. ISBN 1-84246-167-2
• D. A. Snijman: Hypoxidaceae. Cape plants. A conspectus of the Cape flora of South Africa. , In Strelitzia, 9, 2000, pp. 108-110.
• D. A. Snijman & Y. Singh: Hypoxidaceae, in G. Germishuizen & NL Meyer: Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist, Strelitzia 14, 2003, pp. 1071-1074. .
• MH Grayum: Hypoxidaceae, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica, 2007: Online. (Spanish )
• PG Richards: Hypoxidaceae in the New South Wales Flora: Online.
• Leslie Watson: Hypoxidaceae in the Western Australian Flora: Online.