Hypoxylon

Reddish carbon Berry ( Hypoxylon fragiforme )

The carbon berries ( Hypoxylon ) are an ascomycete genus from the family of wooden club relatives whose representatives grow on wood.

Features

The carbon berries are characterized by Ju and Rogers ( 1996) by four main features: First, the main feature of all members of the subfamily of Hypoxyloideae be mentioned, namely that the secondary fruit shapes in the form of compact hyphal walls, the conidiophores are constructed according to the type genus of the subfamily " Nodulisporium like called ". Second, the stromata are uniformly shaped, ie there are neither stem nor head formed. The stroma is the hyphae, which is perceived as a supposed fruiting bodies, but actually only surrounds the tiny, conical fruit bodies, the Peritecien. Third, the stromal tissue is under the Perithecienschicht homogeneous and firm and fourthly, the Stromata are not upright, but wider than high, so they appear spherical to flat.

In addition, many species have in contrast to the wooden clubs pigments that dissolve in potassium hydroxide. Therefore, they are often colored.

Ecology

The carbon berries are Saprobionten or weakness parasites, most species inhabiting wood, some other plant residues, animal manure or soil. Petrini and Petrini (1985 ) report on endophytic carbon berries in living plants.

Types (selection)

The genus contains about 170 species worldwide. The previously integrated subdivision into sections and Hypoxylon annulata was lifted. The latter section is now run as a generic Annulohypoxylon. Nearly two -thirds of the species occur in the tropics and subtropics. A disproportionate number of taxa are described from New Zealand.

European species are, among others:

  • Reddish carbon Berry (H. fragiforme pers.) J. Kickx f (1835 )
  • Red-brown carbon Berry (H. fuscum pers. Fr.) Fr (1849 )
  • Cinnamon-brown or Kleinsporige carbon Berry (H. howeianum ) Peck ( 1872)
  • Moravian carbon Berry (H. moravicum ) Pouzar (1972 )
  • Brick-red cabbage crust (H. rubiginosum pers. ) Fr (1849 )
  • Hypoxylon rutilum Tul. & C. Tul. (1863 )
  • Ash carbon Berry ( H.fraxinophilum ) Pouzar (1972 )
  • Hypoxylon aeneum Nitschke
  • Hypoxylon chestersii Rogers & Whalley (1978 )

The combination Urged carbon Berry ( Annulohypoxylon cohaerens ) and the Multifarious carbon Berry ( Annulohypoxylon multiforme) are now separated from Hypoxylon ( see above).

Importance

The carbon berries are inedible, but playing in the forest ecosystem as Holzzersetzer an important role.

Swell

  • Ju, Y.-M., J. and D. Rogers. 1996th A revision of the genus Hypoxylon. Mycologia Memoir no 20, APS Press, St. Paul, MN. 365 pp.
  • A. Bollmann, A. Gminder, P. Reil: List of figures of major European fungi. 4th Edition, generic CD, Black Forest Mushroom Teaching Show, Hornberg 2007, ISSN 0932 - 920X
  • Heinrich Dörfelt, G. Jetschke: Dictionary of mycology. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg - Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9
  • F. Breitenbach, J. Kränzlin: Fungi of Switzerland. Bd 1 Ascomycetes. Mykologia, Lucerne 1984, ISBN 3-85604-011-0.
  • Petrini, L. E., E. Müller. 1986th major and minor forms of European fruit Hypoxylon species ( Xylariaceae, Sphaeriales ) and related fungi. Mycologia Helv 1: 501-627.
Pezizomycotina Sordariomycetes Xylariales Endophyte
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