Hyundai Alpha engine

With the series Alpha is four-cylinder petrol engines with simple ( SOHC) or double overhead camshaft ( DOHC) and, accordingly, three or four valves per cylinder. The engines for Hyundai models are built in Ulsan for KIA in Hwaseong (both South Korea). For the Hyundai plants in Russia, India, Turkey and China, the Alpha engines from Shandong (China) originate.

General features

The 1.5 - L engine is implemented as a single in two variants, two camshafts were the versions from 99 hp. The issues with 1.3 L have to be continuous over the SOHC design, the added to the Alpha II Series 1.4 and 1.6 L, however, the DOHC cylinder head. In both designs is always included a knock sensor.

The Alpha series is the first developed in Korea engine series. Previously, Hyundai built exclusively produced under license Mitsubishi engines. Instead of the usual designation for planets there, Hyundai opted for Greek letters. This can be a simple way the natural developments of licensed production differ.

The engine block is made ​​of cast iron, the cylinder head be made ​​of light metal. The pistons are made of aluminum, its mounting on the crankshaft, the connecting rods, on the other hand made ​​of steel. The weights of the motors can be found in the table below. For the air-flow measurement use Alpha engines have a MAP sensor ( Manifold Absolute Pressure).

The idle speed of the Alpha series is 800 revolutions per minute, with the air conditioning switched it rises to 850 revolutions. In the precise manufactured Alpha II series, the speed drops to 750, Alpha II CVVT again to 720 and in the automatic version at Drive - shift position finally to 660

The inlet and outlet camshafts of DOHC models are connected by a timing chain. The power is transmitted from the crankshaft to the cylinder head by means of a toothed belt. Meanwhile inspection is provided in conceptual models 2005 all 60,000 kilometers ( 95,000 km ) or 30 months in newer models only be exchange of all 100,000 kilometers ( 145,000 km ) or 48 (108 ) months ( figures in brackets apply only to the Hyundai Accent MC ). The motors are not free runner. The drive of the ancillary units carried a total of three V-belts, their inspection depends on the model provided all 32000-48000 km or 16 to 24 months her exchange with decreasing voltage or noticeable wear. The inspection of the valve clearance is all 24,000 km or 12 /24 months provided (models with Alpha / Alpha II and Alpha II CVVT ), a replacement of the hydraulic valve lifters as required.

The valves are actuated by hydraulic tappets without tilting and rocker arms. This form of the lash adjuster is maintenance-free up to the wear of the hydraulic tappets. This is caused by the removal of the contact surface between the cam and lash adjusters. The distance is initially offset by a spring, which presses the flush plunger top side up. Permanent tick indicates that this is no longer sufficient and the cam no longer constantly present at the lash, but only reached him once per revolution - the emergence produces the ticking sound. When replacing the plunger they are replaced with slightly longer to compensate for the removed cam material. If it fails, the exchange, and the cams are removed strengthened, eventually in a " run-in camshaft " results. results. Then it would have to be replaced in addition to the tappets. A tick can also be caused by improper oil viscosity or non-compliance with the change intervals. Does the oil channel in the hydraulic tappets about by low oil level is empty, the valve clearance is also too large ( cf. ) and the valve is not fully open. A lesser amount of air, which is slightly less power are the result. Even after prolonged shutdown, the noise is possible if the oil passages are running empty. This is not a wear characteristic and disappears after a few seconds (see hydraulic ram features).

Development of the Alpha series

Although Hyundai and KIA occur primarily in Europe as a car manufacturer in appearance, both began only decades after its founding, with the production of vehicles. Critical to this turnaround in product strategy was the controlled economy of the country. The military government announced the existing large corporations from 1961 to tasks that they filled quasi- monopolistic. For KIA that was from 1962, the role of the truck and machine builder, while Hyundai started in the construction business, which expanded it after the Korean War on relative, including the steel production. That was also suitable for its manufactured from 1967 vehicles. Made in 1980 before the election, the Hyundai founder decided on the experiences of his youth, and therefore the automobile manufacturing, their repair, he learned in the garage of his parents. Against the Government will, he turned in the same year from the merger with Daewoo. The government's objective of a large area to avoid competition, served the maximum coverage of all areas of need with the industry still few qualified employees. These were missing due to the agrarian economy. Today, South Korea has one of the most demanding educational systems worldwide.

The establishment of the Hyundai Motor Company in 1968 was followed by the Cortina, just a year after business creation and therefore joined yet entirely from imported components. Only in 1974 was the first pony car from South Korean manufacturing, which also was not a pure replica, but the basis Morris Marina evolved in chassis and design. In order to achieve the fastest possible independence, Hyundai also led primarily totally uneconomic projects. With this request, the CEO moved in line with the state government. Both wanted an industry that can irrespective of non- Korean companies manufacture their own products and this target is reached, when the country during the eighties by the In - country to export changed. Against this background, the development of own motor series can be seen at only 100,000 vehicles sold annually. The cost could muster Hyundai by they took from other areas of the Group. Was developed regardless of the economic situation of the company, with the untiring support of the founder. This approach was made possible by the owner-managed decision-making structure in the company. On this property the government generally respected in 1961 in their task distribution.

Despite its $ 125 million development costs incurred Hyundai benefits from its own motor. First, accounted for royalties, $ 90 per motor would have summed solely with the Accent born in 1994 to 17 million. These figures prescient, sent the license recipient in 1984 for his lack of understanding Alpha Project, Mitsubishi is also the future finally ready for delivery technique. In the postscript he added in doubt about the ambitious project goals. This also moved the engineers in Seoul. In view of the existing experience some voted for a carburetor system, while others favored an injection engine. The second performance of the departments whose increase on exports with increased consumption and lower sales, but viewed from the corporate planning with prestige was. The top management decided in the summer of 1984, following the latter, for a fuel injection system and at least a sporty top engine. From this decision probably Mitsubishi doubts arose because a three-valve cylinder design had no car maker previously been provided with a turbocharger.

To bridge the gap between existing and desired skills of the alpha - designer Hyun Soon Lee contacted Bosch to develop a motor control. The price expectations approached by the invitation of Bendix in the negotiations. Cooperation with Bosch now includes the controls several motor series and their environment, including the stop -start system ISG. Lee was hired away before the project starts from GM, where he developed as previously engines at Chrysler. From Britain to him the Ricardo engineer Clions stood for three years in an advisory capacity. Ricardo supported since 1978, Hyundai's development of commercial vehicle diesel engines. The concept of targeted shopping lack of specialist expertise related Hyundai previously in the development of the pony.

In September 1985, the first prototype was completed. This development went through first emission test, while the 11 drives broke down to 25,000 dollars. Same time, since the first own gear was developed, it supplemented the list of possible sources of error. The cause of research led to the phase of the largest design corrections, only 156 in 1986. Their results were tested in the following summer in the Sonoran desert near Phoenix 83 engines and together with the still following tests by Bosch in Germany, in the Canadian winter in early 1988 and converted to the Rocky Mountains in July 1989 in a project-wide 288 corrections.

After 300 engines and 200 Transmissions Hyun Soon Lee finished first, seven -year project. He was followed by more decisive for the company, including hybrid technology and the Hyundai Genesis, the idea in 2008 he referred to as termination point of change from completely dependent manufacturers, which began with the Alpha Project 1983.

"Until 1991, When We developed our first engine, we had no technology; we relied totally on Mitsubishi. The Alpha gave us a tremendous boost of confidence, and we now can build anything we want. "

At the end of the development was in March 1991, the first motor of South Korean development. Hyun Soon Lee left Hyundai in 2011 as a prominent figure in the Korean automotive industry.

Engine models

Alpha

For the idea of developing their own Hyundai chose a sporty environment possible. The Alpha debut in the Hyundai Scoupe therefore followed in 1992 the Turbo version. Your entry price was the lowest of a turbo model in the U.S. market. Resulting concerns about his athleticism should dispel the participation in the Pikes Peak Hill Climb. The recovered for driver Rod Millen won the 1992 victory and repeated it in 1993. Serial vicinity of the vehicle, however, remained unknown. In the street version of a Garrett TB1501 turbocharger, torque and consumption works increases by 30 percent.

As a result of its premiere solved Alpha engines from the lizenzgefertigen Mitsubishi drives of the same displacement. This weary at first but after two models, performance given it was the smallest of the model range. Only strengthening and sound reduction of alpha II engines promoted the further spread. First, however, replaced the 1.5-liter Alpha Orion Mitsubishi (Mitsubishi code 4G15 / Hyundai Code G4DJ ) in Hyundai S Coupe and Accent, the first model only used his hand Hyundai 's own engines. Here debuted in 1994 and the Alpha with 1.3L engine capacity.

The 1.3 L with 71 PS is a special model of the series. He used to manufacture a carburetor mixture. He is the only engine of South Korean development, has no fuel injection system. The domestic competitors followed until the mid- nineties with engines of its own design. The then-current emission standards took from the decision between carburetor and fuel injection system. To find the "Alpha 1.3 CON " in non-European Accent X3.

While injection opens an electronically controlled nozzle and closes, is entrained in the gasifier through the draft in the intake tract of the fuel from a forthcoming pipe. In both systems occur as small droplets, but never a gas in terms of the aggregate state, but always that of a fuel spray.

Even the 1.5 -liter engine was manufactured in a special version. 1999 debuted a fuel-saving variant in the Korean market, which was also offered as part of the opening in the north of the country. An award-winning advertising campaign later communicated the effektivierende measure in petrol poor North Korea: the mixture formation was lean ( lean -burn ). In partial load phases so much gasoline is injected, could burn as the oxygen in the cylinder. To reach the 1.5 liter fuel consumption of 1.3 -L- drive in South Korea driving cycle, an improvement of 16%. At full load, it uses the usual amount of fuel and thus again produces the power of the normal motor. The reason for the failure to export is located in the part-load operation. Meanwhile react the excess through the lean oxygen atoms with the nitrogen of the air to form nitrogen oxides. These collect and periodically to neutralize the task would be a storage catalyst. On the renounced Hyundai however, causing the engine to the CO2 exchanged against money saved smog -producing NOx emissions. Because of this effect renounce almost all manufacturers of such engines, one of the exceptions Honda produced the first Insight, whose lean-burn engine using nitrous oxide catalyst also meets European emission standards.

For the 99 -hp version of the 1.5 -liter engine in 1996 received a new cylinder head. With it now opens on the intake and exhaust each with its own camshaft, valves, centrally located instead of the earlier single. The number of camshafts across manufacturers mentioned in the description Single, Double, or quad overhead camshaft. With the DOHC design, the outlet also received a second valve, allowing more fuel mixture can be enforced. The combustion chamber underlying got it in the form of a flat roof ( semi pent roof ) instead of the previous high roof ( pent roof ). This further improves the mixture flow rate, since the valves can open into the cylinder on, never to meet in the middle. This form took over Hyundai from the beta - series for all Alpha DOHC models.

The average per capita real consumption of this series is 7.5 l / 100 km in economical driving style, he is reduced to 6.4. In its application, consume 1.3 - and 1.5 -L engines all the same, otherwise the consumption increases with engine capacity of 0.3 l / 100 km.

Alpha II

With the entrustment of business from the company's founder to his son in 1999, the focus of growth changed to quality. In the same year, the Alpha series underwent a number of simplifying and noise-reducing measures and thus became Alpha II this is readability of the displacements, which grew by a tenth of a liter to 1.4 and 1.6 liters.

After its debut in early 2000, the Elantra revised versions replaced in the course of face lifts and Newcomers to date. The last newly published model with alpha II engine is the Accent MC of 2006.

To improve the smoothness of the cylinder block received a materialüppigere brace and the crankshaft to double to eight counterweights to their balance. The engine itself was better decoupled from the change from rubberized to hydraulic storage of the body. Its cylinder head had only one place to be sealed in several layers by more precise manufacturing. The piston receiving a graphite coating which reduces the friction and thus noise and oil consumption.

Total Alpha design was reduced to less components whose manufacturing tolerances are thus can add less. This simplified production and maintenance of the latter by rearrangements such as those of the ignition system, the upper front now working on the engine block. Unchanged it consists of two non-contact and thus wear-resistant coils. The intake was reduced and now consists of a single component. Which minimizes the opportunities for intake of " external air ", which would not be controlled, and thus interfere with the motor controller. On the outlet side of the catalyst is then welded directly to the exhaust manifold, which is heated more quickly and it makes the exhaust system under the vehicle. Accelerator and idle speed control sensor have been combined in a single component. The fuel supply was for a better torque at low revs -return system with higher fuel pressure. This has since become the standard for all new motor series of the manufacturer.

The average per capita real consumption of this series is 8.1 l / 100 km for the small and compact models, 8.6 and 8.9 for minivans for sports coupes. For economical driving style, he is reduced to 6.8 for small, compact and minivan models and 7.6 l / 100 km for sports coupes. The impact of cylinder capacity is only at the Hyundai Getz be ascertained, the 1.4-liter consumed here tenth liter less than the 1.6 - liter engine.

The motors in this series formed the basis for the subsequent gamma series. It replaces since 2006 gradually the Alpha engines.

Alpha II CVVT

In 2004, the largest alpha motor like a year before that of the beta - series, a CVVT named camshaft adjustment. It comes from the technological cooperation with Daimler- Chrysler as part of the Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance. The CVVT varies the opening timing of the intake valves ( 40 ° of a revolution of the crankshaft ), but not the valve and thus the opening period. Thus, it exerts influence on the overlap between intake and exhaust and is comparable to the BMW single Vanos technology.

This addition resulted in fuel savings, and better in the low speed range torque. Output has increased by 4 per cent (see background). Emission- side, particularly nitric oxide levels were reduced by the exhaust gas re- guiding effect is a large overlap used - in this case the discharged exhaust gas is already sucked back into the combustion chamber.

Since 2006, the gamma family replaced with new models gradually the Alpha series. Only for cost-sensitive models or markets is still resorted to this. In Europe, their use ended with the Rio - model change in the spring of 2011.

The average per capita real consumption of this series is 7.2 l / 100 km in economical driving style, he is reduced to 6.4 l

Specifications

Use

Listed are the world's installed Alpha engines for each model, not in every country all listed configurations were offered.

Hyundai Accent

  • Accent X3 G4EA, G4EH ( all levels ), G4EK: 1994-2000
  • G4EH (75 HP): 1999-2003
  • G4EH (86 HP): 2003-2005
  • G4EB, G4EC: 1999-2003 ( replaced in Europe in 2003 the facelift, today production in Egypt and India)
  • G4ED (105 hp): 2003 -present ( replaced in Europe in 2005 by Accent MC, today production in Egypt and Russia )
  • G4EE, G4ED (112 hp): 2005 -present (2009 replaced by the i20 in Europe )

Hyundai Coupe

  • Coupe RD2 G4ED (107 hp): 2001-2002
  • G4ED (105 hp): 2002-2005

Hyundai Lantra

  • Lantra J2/RD G4EK: 1995-2000 ( South Korea Only )

Hyundai Elantra

  • Elantra XD G4ED ( 107 hp ): 2000 -present ( replaced in Europe in 2004 with the facelift 105 hp, this will continue to be produced with the older 107- horsepower engine in Venezuela)
  • G4ED (105 hp): 2004-2006
  • G4ED ( 112 hp ): 2011 -present (China only )

Hyundai Getz

  • Getz TB G4EH / G4EH60 (82 HP): 2002-2004
  • G4EH / G4EH63 (86 HP): 2004-2005
  • G4ED (105 hp): 2002-2005
  • G4EE, G4ED (106 hp): 2005 -present ( replaced in Europe in 2009 from the i20, today production in Malaysia, Venezuela and Egypt)

Hyundai Matrix

  • Matrix FC G4ED (103 hp): 2001 -present (2010 set in Europe, today production in Malaysia and Egypt)

Hyundai Scoupe

  • Scoupe L1 G4EK -TC: 1992-1995
  • G4EK: 1991-1995

KIA Cerato

  • Cerato LD G4ED (105 hp): 2003-2006
  • G4ED (112 hp): 2004-2006 (South Korea ), 2005 -present (China)

KIA Rio

  • Rio DE G4EE (97 PS), G4ED (112 hp): 2005-2011
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