Hyundai Kappa engine
Kappa is a series of three-and four-cylinder petrol engines from Hyundai / KIA with two overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder. The engines are built in Hwaseong ( South Korea) and Irrungattukatoi (India).
The kappa number is built as a technically more sophisticated complement to the Epsilon series since 15 September 2008, this will be seen as the one and a half kilos lighter weight at larger displacements. With 82 kg dry weight according to the manufacturer this is the lightest in the small car segment. The 2011 services being three-cylinder is still slightly lighter 71.4 kg. The development started in 2006 after the gamma - series completion and cost $ 421 million.
Engine block and cylinder head are made of aluminum. All three engines have a uniform bore of 71.0 mm, only the stroke varies between 84.0 mm (1.0 liters), 75.6 mm ( 1.2 liter) and 78.8 (1.25 liters), the 1.2-liter variant is intended only for India.
As in the gamma range, the engine control unit Bosch is delivered. It has two 16- bit chips which operate at 32 MHz.
The valves are actuated via roller cam followers, which act like a seesaw. One side pushes the valve downward, the abutment on the other side is located on a hydraulic lift, which is applied flush of a built-in spring. This form of the lash adjuster is maintenance-free, self- inspection is not provided in the maintenance schedule. An Erosion would notify by a ticking sound (see ).
Kappa
Just as the Gamma series, also received the kappa number one for the cylinder axes plane slightly offset crankshaft. The pistons are constantly pressed by the rotation of the crankshaft of a cylinder wall. An offset of the position they can now slide into the ignition phase with less friction down. This reduces the friction in the engine and therefore the fuel consumption, but also vibrations. Toyota Prius is in a similar approach. The flasks were also friction are reduced by a MoS2 coating acts just as the chromium nitride coating on the piston rings. The latter appeared previously in Tau V8.
The M12 'Long Reach' spark plugs used to create through their long narrow shaft has a larger space for the water cooling the cylinder. This reduces the temperature of which and with it the tendency to knock of the mixture. Also, the valves could be increased, which allows for faster inflow of air - at high speeds, a performance-enhancing effect.
Between the cylinder walls an engine block integrated ladder frame vibration reduction was inserted. The improved thermal conductivity of aluminum, the operating temperature is reached faster and friction is avoided by unevenly extended cylinder.
Detail ideas stuck in the funnel-shaped valve spring, which in turn saves weight and by their less powerful spring pressure, the camshaft energy when opened. Right next to the roller rocker arm reduces the friction of the hydraulic valve clearance compensation, which in turn permanently reduces the valve clearance to zero, thus avoiding tick noise ( cf. Kappa engine ...... with a distinctive valve sound). For this, however, more attention on oil quality and was in contrast to mechanical tappets. If the hydraulic lifters partially filled about by low oil level with air, it can not compensate for the game and it comes to tick noise ( cf. ). The combination of Hydroliftern with roller cam is the friction poorest and most expensive in the form of preparation of the valve actuator. It is also the only one for which Hyundai / KIA does not provide more inspections - it is maintenance free.
The fuel consumption is 5.2 liters according to the manufacturer, which can also be achieved with economical driving, the average per capita real consumption is 6.3 l/100 km. With 20 percent more power it consumes so as much as a 1.1 -L -Epsilon engine.
Between October 2010 and the end of the manufacturer added a three-cylinder engine and equipped the series with variable valve control from. Thus began the kappa -2 series. After the debut of the 1.2 L variant for India, the premiere of the other engines followed in Paris. They were taken in 2011 on the market, in the course of which they reached Europe.
For the 1.2 L engine the easiest variable valve control of the manufacturer was used with a new name. The VTVT system (otherwise CVVT ) varies according to name the opening timing of the intake valves by turning the camshaft. The " variable timing Valve Train" thus has an influence on the intersection of the valve port between the inlet and outlet sides, but not on the valve and thus the opening period. He is therefore comparable to the single Vanos BMW. Besides a better torque in the lower speed range, it reduces mainly nitric oxide levels by the exhaust back leading effect is used a large overlap - this ejected gas is already sucked back into the combustion chamber. Because the VTVT is fitted as standard, it is not always listed, but is detected from the motor series. This will take place in the target market of India to prominent mention.
The 1.25 L engine received a D- CVVT (Dual Continuously Variable Valve Timing ) named camshaft adjustment for the intake and exhaust side. It improves the performance of 77 to 86 hp, and differs only by the variation of the additional outlet of the VTVT the 1.2 L engine.
A turbo version of the 1.0 -L engine debuted at the Seoul Motor Show 2011 with 110 hp and 137 Nm 1500-4500 rpm. Its market launch in retail and subcompact cars is planned for June 2012. Fuel consumption figures are pending.
A turbo version of the 1.2 L engine with direct injection is scheduled for early 2012 KIA Rio in the third generation. With 130 PS and 190 Nm it should emit 111 g / km of CO2. This would correspond to 4.5 to 5 liters of petrol per 100 km.
Kappa 2 BiFuel and FFV
The 1.0 -L engine debuted at the same time for the petrol variant in a car gas ( " BiFuel ", " LPG " ) and ethanol ( " FFV " ) variant.
The LPG version will be offered as a diesel alternative in Europe. Except for a 35 -liter LPG tank, these vehicles include a 10 -liter fuel tank in order to enter areas without LPG filling stations can. Since small cars are, however, usually used near the home, the LPG availability is on unknown long stretches of little importance. Changes in the engine might ( instead of about 12:1 10.5:1 ) comprise an increased compression and the resulting revision of the pistons and valves. A higher compression uses more fuel energy (here about 8 %) and is also made possible by the LPG knock resistance. Its energy density is, however, 25 % lower than gasoline, so that remains a consumption. In the standard test cycle of the Kia Picanto is as high as 38%.
The FlexiFuelVehicle version is designed for the use of 85% ethanol in gasoline and is offered in Brazil and Paraguay. For the 10 -percent ethanol share in the European E10 fuel at any petrol engine of Hyundai / KIA is suitable since 1992.
Data
Use
The 1.20 L engine replaced in India the 1.25 L, therefore, are to be found in Hyundai models both. KIA has no Indian subsidiary.
- I10 PA G3LA ( 69 HP ): 2011 -present (worldwide only in Switzerland, Great Britain, Italy and Hungary)
- 1.20 L (75 hp): 2008-2010 (India)
- 1.20 L ( 80 hp ): 2010 -present (India)
- G4LA ( 77/78 PS): 2008-2011 ( Europe)
- G4LA ( PS 86 ): 2011 -present ( Europe)
- I20 PB G4LA ( 77/78 PS): 2008-2012 ( Europe)
- G4LA ( 86 HP ): 2012 -present ( Europe)
- 1.20 L ( 80 hp ): 2010 -present (India)
KIA Picanto
- Picanto TA G3LA, G4LA: 2011 -present
- Kappa 2 BiFuel and FFV: from autumn 2011
KIA Rio
- Rio UB G4LA: 2011 -present ( Europe)