Hyundai Lambda engine
In series Lambda is a six-cylinder petrol engine with four-time overhead camshaft ( QOHC ) and 4 valves per cylinder. The engines are built in Asan ( South Korea) and Montgomery (Alabama ).
General features
The engine block and cylinder head are made of aluminum. The 3.3 - L output opens the series with a bore of 92 mm and a stroke of 83.8 mm and 184 kg dry weight. The medium variant with 3.5 L was supplemented only with the Lambda II series and extending the stroke to 87 mm. The largest variant also expanded the hole to 96 mm and increases the weight by only two and a half to 186.6 kg. The Lambda II series reduced the weight by several kilograms, exact details were not made . The idle speed of the Lambda engines ranges from 620 (3.3 L), 650 ( 3.8L Lambda II) to 720 ( 3.8 L Lambda ) revolutions per minute.
All motors of the lambda set are controlled by an electronic accelerator.
The power is transmitted from the crankshaft to the cylinder head by means of maintenance-free timing chain, the ancillaries are driven by a serpentine belt. For all these 50,000 km or 24 months, an inspection provided an exchange only identified need.
The valves are mechanical tappets without resting platelets (hence " shimless mechanical bucket tappets " ) operated. Reduce compared to hydraulic tappets the resistance for the cam. Like these, they are maintenance-free, but it relies cheaper and less heavily on good oil viscosity. Over the years, the surface of cam follower and is removed, thereby reducing the stroke of the valve in the cylinder space. Thus, less air flow, after which the engine is automatically reduced, the amount of fuel and thus its performance. This is accompanied by an audible ticking sound (see ) because the cam no longer constantly rests on the tappets, but this only reached once per revolution - the emergence produces the ticking sound. This may disappear by the expansion in the engine is warm, yet the valve clearance has thus become large. Its test is provided in the maintenance schedule of all 95,000 kilometers, a maintenance but only when necessary. In this the removed material would be offset by a new, slightly longer tappets. The exchange may possibly be merged with the spark plugs ( 160,000 km ).
Lambda
The Lambda series was developed until 2004 in Hwaseong and locked the detachment of the Sigma series, the upper spectrum was used as the KIA Opirus until 2006. The sizes below 3 liters capacity were replaced with the Delta series since 1998. The Sigma series was based on a Mitsubishi Grey Greeting design that dated back to the eighties, and was further developed in parallel by Hyundai and Mitsubishi.
The motors have a CVVT named camshaft adjustment for the intake side. This only affects the overlapping of the valve opening of inlet and outlet side ( the opening timing at the input side is variable ), but not on the valve and thus the opening period. It is therefore comparable to the BMW single Vanos technology. In addition to better torque in the lower speed range, it reduces mainly nitric oxide levels by the exhaust back leading effect is used a large overlap - this ejected gas is already sucked back into the combustion chamber.
Lambda engines equipped with a variable intake system (Variable Intake System). This takes account of the pulsation of the air in the intake pipe, which is formed by the opening and closing of the valves. Find these under and over pressure pulses a rhythm adapted their way into the engine compartment, there is a light resonance charging effect, similar to a turbocharger. To achieve it opens at low and high speeds suitable for this purpose, short air. At medium speeds, the longer air guide is used by means of a flap, resulting in consistently high torque.
To reduce friction, the piston received a MoS ² coating.
The V- orientation of the two three -cylinder banks has the advantage of shorter length compared to in-line six cylinders, as installed about BMW. Moreover, hereby the crankshaft only has to be half as long as each crank pin drives two pistons. The disadvantage of the division into two benches are duplicate components at the other end of the piston - cylinder head about four instead of two camshafts to actuate the valves, so that a total increase maintenance costs easily. An additional component is required for the smooth operation, since at high rotational speeds, the three- cylinder banks emit more vibration. The help from a balancer shaft that rotates counter to the crankshaft at the same speed. There remains a small second-order free moment of inertia, as in -line four- cylinder engines.
Lambda II
In 2008, the series has been revised and hence to Lambda II series, in 2010 complemented by a 3.5 -L version. This weighs by weight reduction less than the 3.3 L version of the first lambda series. This was made possible by the use of plastic for the variable intake system, cylinder head cover and the oil filter housing, as well as the cooling water temperature controller. Also lighten the load affects the revised crankshaft through the use of five instead of eight counterweights.
To reduce friction, the MoS ² coating the flask was complemented by a diamond-like carbon layer on the contact surfaces of the tappets.
The CVVT control the intake camshaft has been extended to one for the output side, and thus is similar to the BMW Double Vanos technology. The now D (ual ) - CVVT named system contributes to improved performance.
The variable intake system (Variable Intake System ) has been extended by one notch to three. Into account so that preferably the pulsation of the air in the intake pipe, which is formed by the opening and closing of the valves. Find these under and over pressure pulses a rhythm adapted their way into the engine compartment, there is a light resonance charging effect, similar to a turbocharger. To achieve it open over the speed range in each case distributed appropriately long airways, resulting in a consistently high level of torque.
Emission reducing the cooling of the exhaust side in the cylinder block is improved, so that leaner mixtures possible. These cause by its excess of oxygen, higher temperatures, which would burden the following components in the exhaust system. Avoid the larger water channels so.
Lambda II RS
Although all three displacements sizes of the lambda series share the same external dimensions, the largest -displacement variation is yet to hochbauend for use in sports cars such as the Hyundai Genesis Coupe. Rear-wheel drive - - Therefore, the 3.8 L version of this vehicle was adapted, from which the name " Rear wheel drive sport" engine results. Both engines of the coupe have thus been developed exclusively for this model (see ).
The decisive five centimeters in height were obtained by redesigning the intake and exhaust tracts. Here, also the diameter of the suction side is enlarged and the shape of the exhaust manifold so changed that it can be less back pressure caused, so that now both sides contribute to an improved air circulation. Also performance-enhancing effect a " sharper camshaft ", ie a CVVT cam profile in which the valves open and close while later and thus enforce more gasoline mixture. Following the subsequent closing, however, the compression remains at 10.4 and does not rise to the level of the other Lambda II engines. On the CVVT and outlet side but the other disadvantages can be largely compensated by a normal profile is applied as idle and the rotational speed must be increased so that not (see camshaft, last paragraph). Since the resulting additional power is available at high speeds in the first place, the pistons are no longer fixed but flexible (full-floating ) stored, which reduces their friction on the cylinder. At the same time a fine oil mist is sprayed on the cylinder bottom, the well has a cooling effect, as the longer spark plugs which create a larger space for the water cooling on the cylinder by its long, narrow shaft. The injectors now deliver up to seven percent more fuel to comply with the better air intake. The cylinder wall was exacerbated by two to 24 mm, the crankshaft bearings to also two to 25 mm. The motor controller was reprogrammed and has more connector pins. Motor vehicle and are available in Europe since November 2010, in the United States since the spring of 2009.
A longer stroke by enlarged to 4.1 L and charged by HKS T04Z turbocharger version of this engine was used in the Hyundai Genesis PM 580 for the Pikes Peak race in 2010. With 775 hp and 1020 Nm Advised Rhys Millen to the reconquest of by his father in 1994 set up in a modified Toyota Celica cup record of 10 minutes and 4 seconds. This was undercut by Nobuhiro Tajima in 2007 with a Suzuki XL7 by three seconds. A replay of the race is here available, to weather conditions, the project did not succeed. However, in 2009 succeeded to the driver of the victory in the two-wheel drive time trial in a modified Hyundai Genesis Coupe. The body of the PM 580 is not based on the Genesis Coupe, but the Palmer Jaguar JP1, a successful Le Mans racing, with Jaguar V6 engine. By using carbon fiber, the weight of the vehicle is about 862 kg.
In April 2010, a direct-injection version of the 3.3 L Lambda II was unveiled at Beijing Auto Show. The end of 2010 was followed by a 3.0 L engine the same technique, the same time completed the engine capacity range turn, below. He is the replacement of the Mu V6 2.7 L, which is still based on the first Hyundai V6 series of 1998. The two Lambda GDI debuted in the Hyundai Grandeur of the fifth generation. Information about these engines but were published only sparingly, so that for a corresponding row in the table below the required data is missing.
In the conventional injection for gasoline engines, the fuel injector is located in the intake manifold before the inlet valve. With increasing speeds, however, the opening time of the valve is getting shorter, and thus the time window for the introduction of the fuel. In the direct injection is therefore injected directly into the cylinder. Hyundai used like most competitors GDI for homogeneous, stoichiometric mixture formation and waives an inhomogeneous stratified ( stratified fuel charge). The latter is associated with systemic disadvantages, such as significantly increased particulate matter levels.
Is initiated with a pilot injection and ignition to move the piston in motion. While downward movement of the thrust -imparting, actual fuel injection and ignition follows. Through this more precise, cooling as it is directly taking place in the cylinder fueling the compression ratio in the cylinder of 10.6 could be increased to 11.5. This leads to a fuel saving of around five per cent (see ) and also results in a higher exhaust temperature. Of these, the faster heated catalyst, the cold start phase could be halved to 40 seconds benefited.
The higher injection pressure of 150 bar (without GDI about 5 bar ) also causes a more homogeneous fuel atomization and thus a cleaner combustion. He is accompanied by a typical system tick noise (see video at 4:00 ).
The friktionsmindernden measures the Lambda II series are now supported by a chromium nitride coating on the piston rings. The pistons themselves retain their MoS ² coating, as well as the tappets their diamond-like carbon layer. As in Lambda II RS the piston is also not fixed, but flexible (full-floating ) is supported, which further reduces friction and increases the pressure resistance by 30%. Also a fine oil mist is sprayed directly on the cylinder bottom, the cooling effect is gentle on materials and reduces knock the more compressed in GDI mixture.
Data
Use
Listed are the world's built Lambda engines for each model, not in every country all listed configurations are offered.
- Entourage EP G6DA -AT (250 hp): 2006-2009
Hyundai Equus
- Equus VI G6DA - AC ( 290 hp ): 2009 -present
Hyundai Genesis
- Genesis BH G6DB - AC, AC - G6DA (262, 290 hp ): 2008-2011
- G6DH, G6DJ (300, 334 hp ): 2011 -present
Hyundai Genesis Coupe
- Genesis Coupe BK G6DA - AC ( 306 hp): 2009-2012
- G6DJ ( 347 hp ): 2012 - today
Hyundai Grandeur
- Grandeur TG G6DB -AT, AT - G6DA (235, 260 hp ): 2005-2009
- G6DB - AC, AC - G6DA (260, 283 hp ): 2010
- G6DG, G6DH (270, 300 hp ): 2011 -present
Hyundai Santa Fe
- Santa Fe CM G6DB -AT (242 hp): 2006-2009
- G6DC -AC (277 hp): 2009 -present ( in Europe from facelift 2009, no more six-cylinder )
Hyundai Sonata
- Sonata NF G6DB -AT (235 hp): 2006-2008
- G6DB -AC (250 hp): 2008-2010
- Veracruz EN G6DA -AT (260 hp): 2007 -present
KIA Borrego
- Borrego HM G6DA - AC ( 276 hp ): 2008 -present
KIA Cadenza
- Cadenza VG G6DC - AC ( 290 hp ): 2010 -present
- L6DB ( 235 hp ): 2010 -present
- G6DG ( 270 hp ): 2011 -present
KIA Carnival
- Carnival VQ G6DA -AT (242 hp): 2006-2009
- G6DC - AC ( 271 hp ): 2010-2011
KIA Opirus
- Opirus GH G6DB -AT, AT - G6DA (247, 266 hp): 2006-2009
- G6DB - AC, AC - G6DA (260, 283 hp): 2009 to 2011
KIA Sorento
- Sorento BL G6DB -AT, AT - G6DA (242, 260 hp ): 2007-2009
- G6DC -AC (277 hp): 2009 -present