I
I or i (pronounced [ ʔi ː ] ) is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet and a consonant (although it can be pronounced consonant under certain conditions). The letter I has in German texts an average frequency of 7.55 per cent. He is the third most common letter in German texts. In addition, "I", various other meanings (mostly abbreviations ).
- 2.1 I longa
- 3.1 i- point and diacritics
- 3.2 ı no point
Pronunciation
The spoken I
A long spoken I will be in the German language usually marked with ie ( in the word inside and in final position of function words ) or ieh ( in final position, in front of [ ə ] or a suffix) ( love, meadow, aim, rail, Beast, the, you, like, livestock, pull, neigh, borrowed ).
Double -i (ie, ii ) there is only exceptionally and only in foreign words, as in Hawaii - the pronunciation of the long i here is also unusual.
Ih ( as ah, eh, eh, etc. before l, m, n, r ) and i there are more frequent, but generally only in initial position, as there ie ( from writing historical reasons ) does not occur (hedgehog, Isegrim, Ihle, ... in proper names and particularly in the personal pronouns he, him, her, and their derivatives ).
I and ieh medially and ie in final position in native words are also sometimes referred to as special, marked overrides instead of regular ie / ieh before (Lid, resist, gives, steals, ... / knees, spat, ...).
I but in foreign words the very regular spelling for long i (machine, motif, yield, intimate, Silo, visa, ...). In foreign words he comes, however, only in very specific cases: in the verbs that end in- ming, in most words in - ier (Piano, manners, paper, ...), in a few words in -ies (Paradise, Portuguese ) and (instead of ieh, in parallel with -ee) quite regularly in words on a long fitting end i (industry, biology, Director, mania, Match, ... ).
Ih comes in foreign words only very rare ( Schlemihl ).
The strain i
Rarely regionally in proper names and place names shows an "o" following "i " to the elongation of the preceding vowel. This ( Westphalian ) strain i occurs mainly in the Rhineland and the Lower Rhine region, for example in the place name Troisdorf, Grevenbroich or Korschenbroich.
Origin
In the proto- Semitic alphabet, the letter symbol for a hand with one arm dar. Already this alphabet was undertaken to simplify the icon strong, so sometimes only the arm flexion and the outline of the hand can be seen. In the Phoenician alphabet, the letter had the name Yodh (hand / arm) and stood for the half- consonant [j ] (as in young).
The Yodh was adopted as the Iota in the Greek alphabet. The Greeks changed because of their rich vocal language the phonetic value of the letter, he stood for [ i]. Already in the early Greek alphabet from the 7th century BC Iota lost all additions and became a simple vertical line.
Neither in Etruscan still in the Latin alphabet, the letter was not changed significantly, the phonetic value [i ] remained.
I longa
The I longa, a long line out on the I, ī over recently i was in Latin, since Sullanischer first time to identify the long spoken text used: fel ꟾ ꟾ c, v ꟾ cus. In imperial times, these graphical distinction was lost and the I longa was used as a less common variant for each i, sometimes preferred for consonantal i between vowels: e ꟾ us, egg ꟾ us. The Unicode character is encoded as U A7FE LATIN LETTER epigraphic I LONGA.
The i- point
The point on the lower case originated in the 14th century. It was an accent that was getting smaller. In some European languages , two points have emerged on the small ï as accentuation. See point (accent ).
The i- point is usually a small filled circle, but can also be the style of the respective fonts be adjusted. In the optical impression its width corresponds approximately to that of the tribe of the small "i ", where he is optically adapted accordingly. Occur mainly in manuscripts on special forms, such as line-shaped, ring-shaped or heart-shaped i- points.
In Austria it is also referred to as i- Tüpferl. In a figurative sense means " something to put the dot on the i " to complete it or to refine; this makes someone compulsively, it becomes the i- Tüpferlreiter or Tüpflischisser.
I- point and diacritics
If a diacritical (accent, diaeresis, ...) is set to the i, i deleted the point. A i with diaeresis so spelled with two points ( ï ), not three.
Examples are: boîte (French ), río (Spanish ), lunedì ( it.), égoïste (French ), ISS ( lett ), peteĩ ( grn. ).
ı no point
A special role is played by the group of letters İ, I, i, ı, among others, in the Turkish and the Azerbaijani language. İ, i (with point) and I, ı (excluding point) stand there for two different sounds.
Quote
" I, the highest among the vowels, (...) is described by ICKELSAMER (...) in naively. after he indicated how e is produced, he says, including the i, but with a narrower beschlieszung the zene, the berieren to geneuer, and is almost the loud of kirrens the seu when mans (they ) stands or würget. (...) "
Occurrences of i in brand and product names
Some companies call their computer science -related products with a small i at the beginning or end. Apple has marked the beginning of the product name from the appearance of the iPod (2001) its multimedia products almost always with this lowercase. A by another company derived example is " iGoogle ". Even outside the computer science industry is to find this use of the "i".