Ibadah

ʿ Ibada (Arabic عبادة ) also Ibadah comes from the Arabic word which translates roughly as much as performing worship. This meant is a kind of action, a Muslim individual to serve God with their execution. Is referred to as ʿ Ibada an action type with a most appropriate ritual character; However, depending on the conceptual boundaries of the term can still go through the ritual ( more details, see below). The term is derived from the Arabic verb root ʿ -bd. The derivatives of this verb root are found in the Koran; they are used in different contexts both of faith and of unbelief and contain meanings like " obedience ", " dependence ", " servants " and similar things.

Plural of Ibada as a classification term in Islamic law

In scholarly works of Islamic law, the plural of ʿ Ibada takes over the function of a classification term. This results from the fact that the full drawing of worship chores (Arabic ʿ Ibadat ) to God is understood in the broadest sense as an embodiment of its laws, and as a surrender to him.

From the above it follows that the acts of worship ( ʿ Ibadat ) - at least formally, legally - have laws character. In the works of fiqh, the explicated Islamic law, the topics are not represented in a uniform arrangement, often not all classification categories are discussed, except that the ʿ Ibadat always appear at the beginning of such work while in treatises of ʿ Amal ( Judicial Practice ) ʿ Ibadat usually do not occur.

Concrete worship chores

The following actions are considered in Islam as ʿ Ibadat ( and accordingly come in works of Islamic law ago):

  • The ritual purification (Arabic Tahara )
  • Prayer (Arabic: salat), including the prayers for special occasions,
  • The social duty tax ( Zakat in Arabic )
  • Fasting (Arabic hem )
  • The pilgrimage to Mecca (arab Ḥaǧǧ ).
  • The profession of faith (Arabic Sahada ) is as important, however, is so elementary that there is no separate mention in some legal works.
  • Knee support position (Arabic ruku ʿ ), prostration (Arabic Suǧūd ), circumambulation of the Ka ʿ ba ( Arabic: tawaf ), slaughtering of a sacrificial animal (Arabic Nask ), worship (Arabic tasbih ) and thanks (Arabic Hamd ) to God, devotional prayer standing (Arabic Qunoot ) and Quran Recitation (Arabic Tilawa ) are also considered worship chores. The latter are all also components of other ʿ Ibadat.
  • Almsgiving (Arabic sadaqa ) is also counted as worship performing.

There is disagreement, for example, whether the marriages the ʿ Ibadat may be numbered among: While the marriages of many Muslims perceived as a religious act, but see many Muslim jurists in this a contract action and bring them appropriately in the Mu ʿ āmalāt or in the Munākaḥāt. The classification of jihad is not uniform among Muslim jurists; it will be filed in the Mukhtasar of Maliki jurists Sīdī Halil under ʿ Ibadat. Circumcision of boys is seen in many cases as part of the ʿ Ibadat, although this action has rather the character of recommendations. Even spiritual self- retracting (Arabic ʿ Tikaf I ) is considered ʿ Ibada and is often treated as a special chapter of fasting.

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