Ibn 'Asakir

Ibn ʿ Asaakir, with full name ʿ Alī ibn al - Ḥasan ibn Hibat Allāh ibn ʿ Abd Allāh ibn al -Husayn Abū ʾ l - Qāsim ash- Shafi ʿ ī al- Dimaschqī / علي بن الحسن بن هبة الله بن عبد الله بن الحسين أبو القاسم الشافعي الدمشقي / ʿ Alī b. al - Ḥasan b. Hibat Allāh b. ʿ Abd Allāh b. al -Husayn Abū ʾ l - Qāsim aš - Safi ʿ ī al- Dimašqī, known as Ibn ʿ Asaakir / ابن عساكر (* September-October 1105; † January 1176 ), was a famous scientist and historian in the extended family of Banū ʿ Asaakir in Damascus.

He studied first in the circle of his father, who was a respected lawyer and theologian. His younger brother, Muhammad ibn al - Ḥasan was Qadi in Damascus. His maternal uncle dressed more judgeships in Syria. After the death of his father, he joined in 1126 with his older brother Sá ʾ in ad - Dīn Hibat Allāh ibn al - Ḥasan († 1168 ), his first study trip to to Hadith and Fiqh and other scientific disciplines, first in the madrasa founded by Nizam al -Mulk al - Niẓāmiyya in Baghdad and to study a year later in Mecca. After his return from the pilgrimage he remained for five years in Baghdad. After a short stay in his hometown, he went on a five -year study trip to Persia. At the age of thirty-four years he returned to Damascus, and then to act as a professor in the Madrasa of - Nuriya. adh - Dhahabi, the most famous scholars of the 14th century biographer, reports that Ibn ʿ Asaakir used to teach a month in Damascus and then a month in Jerusalem, in the Madrasa aṣ - Ṣāliḥiyya. He and other members of the Banū ʿ Askar were known to shun for their sympathy for the doctrine of al - Aš ʿ arī what caused him the district of Hanbali, giving it " tamasch ʿ ur" ( i.e. Asch'arismus ) - one of adh Dhahabi term coined - accused.

The collection of Saladin in Damascus in 1175, he has never seen; a few months later he died. His funeral took place in the presence of Saladin.

Works

The Islamic biographers According to Ibn ʿ Asaakir the author of some 105 journals in the field of Hadith, the Hadithkritik, the scholarly biographies and history of the city. His most famous work is his monumental scholarly history of Damascus:

  • Ta ʾ Rich Madīnat Dimaschq تأريخ مدينة دمشق / Ta ʾ Rih madīnati Dimašqa.

The work of the world's more fragmentary, but complementary manuscripts present in large collections, only since 1995 is fully accessible in print and includes 70 volumes (each containing an average of 400 to 500 printed pages ). The project, begun in the 1980s, the Academy of Arabic language in Damascus to publish the complete works in a critical edition, has not been carried out until the end.

The first volumes are dedicated in particular to the description of the advantages of Syria in general and the city of Damascus. They are equipped with appropriate, returned to the Prophet Mohammed eulogies and his statements about the virtues of the city and its inhabitants. On the geographical description of Damascus and its surroundings initially follows the biography of the Prophet and the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs. Only after this chapter, the three volumes in the print edition, the actual Damascene scholar's biography begins; in alphabetical order - however, beginning with the name Ahmad and Muhammad - Ibn ʿ Asaakir leads to those historical figures and scholars of distinction who lived in Damascus, knitted or have visited the city. The last two volumes are dedicated to women.

The value of this comprehensive work, at the Ibn ʿ Asaakir has worked for over thirty years, is in his kompilatorischen character; he presents the immense material with references to earlier writings of this genre that no longer exist today.

  • A tradition collection about the merits of jihad al - arba ʿ ūn fī l - ḥathth ʿ alā l - Jihad / الأربعون في الحث على الجهاد / al - arba ʿ ūn fī l - hat- ʿ alā ʾ l - ǧihād /, Forty Hadiths on the incentive for jihad '.

The collection arose in times of the Crusades and after the entry of the Emir of Aleppo Nur ad -Din Mahmud ibn Zangi in Damascus in 1154. This ruling was made after the conquest of Edessa, under the leadership of his father, Zengi in 1144 the task, as champion of Islam to fight on a broad front against the infidels. Under his rule, emerged six Sunni Islamic universities embossing, in which Ibn ' Asakir taught and not only written at the request of the ruler that tradition collection on the necessity of holy war, but also the Damascene scholar's biography brought to a conclusion.

  • His treatise, which he wrote in defense of the theological teachings of al - Aš ʿ arī, who had joined a mediator between the Mu'tazilah and Ahmad ibn Hanbal, is titled: tabyin kadhib al - muftari fima nusiba ila al - Imam Abi l - Hasan al - Ash'ari / تبيين كذب المفتري فيما نسب إلى الإمام أبي الحسن الأشعري / tabyīn kaḏib al - fī - mā muftarī nusiba ila l ʾ Abī ʾ l - Imam Ḥasan al - ʿ Aš arī /, explaining the lies of the slanderer about what man ' has put l -Hasan al - Ash'ari to load ' the Imam Abu; it is since 1928 (Cairo ) produced in print and has been the subject of several studies.
  • Forty Hadith on the merits of the wives of Muhammad كتاب الأربعين في مناقب أمهات المؤمنين / kitāb al - arba ʿ īn fī Manaqib ummahāt al -mu ʾ minin is a tradition collection of about one hundred pages, in which selected sayings of Muhammad about the virtues and merits of his wives, in the chronology arranged her marriage with the Prophet about to be delivered. The collection has been informed during the lifetime of the author in the main mosque of Damascus.
  • Mu'dscham ash- schuyuch معجم الشيوخ / Mu ʿ ǧamu ʾ š - šuyūḫ /, Encyclopedia of the teacher '.

Under this title, many scholars of Islamic sciences have written books in which they summarizing the names of their teachers with the short version of its Vita and the description of them well-maintained science disciplines. Ibn ' Asakirs work is in some manuscripts and has been edited in three volumes by a completely preserved manuscript in 2000 in Damascus. The author presents in this book to 1,619 scholars, to whose lectures he attended in Damascus and on study trips. Through its more than eighty teachers, he wrote a personal collection: mu'dscham al - Niswan / معجم النسوان / Mu ʿ ǧamu ʾ l - Niswan /, Encyclopedia of Women ', which has been lost (see: ref H. Schützinger ).

  • A small treatise of 28 manuscript pages about the merits of the legal work - al - Muwatta ' - Malik ibn Anas is in the National Library of Damascus under the title Kashf al - mughatta fi fadl al - Muwatta / كشف المغطى في فضل الموطأ / kašfu ʾ l muġaṭṭā fī ʾ l - Fadli - Muwatta ʾ /, exposition (literally unveiling ) of Muwatta of virtue '' obtained ( see ref F. Sezgin ). The author, who received his education in the embossed by al- Shafii school of law ( madhhab ), is here put together a collection of positive testimonials and eulogies about Malik's pioneering work.
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