Idaea moniliata
Perlrand dwarf tensioner ( idaea moniliata )
Called The Antique Pearl dwarf tensioner ( moniliata idaea ), also Yellowish dry lawn Small tensioner ( Geometridae ), a butterfly (moth ) from the family of the tensioner.
Features
The moths have a wingspan of 16-20 mm, in Southern Europe the copies on average are usually somewhat smaller. The ground color varies from gray-brown, light brown to brown, from the dark brown drawing very clearly stands out. The drawing consists of inner transverse line, medium binding, outer transverse line and hemline; all transverse lines are relatively narrow and slightly curled up in some places denticulate weak. Front and rear wings are also dusted brown in varying degrees. Thus, some specimens appear almost dark brown. The hemline can move away a little from the actual Saumrand something and include a series of dots between them and Saumrand in some copies. In some specimens also the actual Saumrand is again drawn dark, so that in such specimens is a double line is formed with an enclosed point set. The fringes are filled with dark spots, alternating light / dark-colored or even total slightly darker than the ground color. Diskalflecke are present but formed far from clear. You can almost disappear into the dark Überstäubung. In Saumfeld are six to seven, usually dark -bordered, in part roundish, z.T. irregular patches in the color ( or even slightly brighter than this ). You can be a little ausgelängt toward the edge or pointed.
A yellow egg is slightly flattened.
The caterpillar is relatively slender, the diameter decreases slightly toward the tip end. The segments are strongly constricted, and occupied the surface with fine, darker warts. She is light brown, dark brown to almost black. The four middle segments each have a diamond spot, which can be dark or light limited. The belly is usually drawn bright. The relatively small head is sunk deep at the apex.
The elongated doll is colored pale yellow, smooth and shiny. To the rear end, the color changes to light red, toward the front end to slightly greenish.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The Antique Pearl dwarf clamper is mainly in Southern Europe, with a few occurrences in Central Europe. The distribution area extends from central Spain Catalonia, the Pyrenees in the southern half of France. From there via Italy (except the Po Valley and Sicily), the Alps, Austria, Hungary, large parts of the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor, the Middle East, the Caucasus and northern Iran. To the north of the Black Sea, it extends from Romania on the central parts of Ukraine, an isolated occurrence in the Crimea, the southernmost tip of Belarus, through Central Russia to the Urals. From there on to Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan to the Central Asian mountains. The species is absent in the southernmost parts of Europe (eg southern Spain, Sicily, Crete), in Central Europe, there are a few most isolated occurrences north of the Alps, as in West Germany and some eastern states (Saxony -Anhalt, Thuringia and Brandenburg) and the Czech Republic, southern Poland and in Slovakia.
The Antique Pearl dwarf tensioner is xerothermophil, ie he prefers dry and very warm habitats, such as the transitions from dry grasslands to hedgerows, dry steppes, heathlands, warm rocky slopes and other sun- exposed areas. In the north of its range the species is from 0 to about 600 m above sea level before; in the Alps, it rises up to 1500 m. In southern Europe and Asia, it has even been demonstrated at altitudes of 2200 m.
Phenology and life
The moths fly regionally slightly different from mid-June to late August. In the south, the moths appear a month earlier already. There, under favorable conditions, an incomplete second generation can be formed. The moths are nocturnal. During the day they hide in vegetation, but can be startle. At night they come to artificial sources of light, and they also come to the bait.
Relatively little is known about the caterpillars. On food plants are called: Forget-me -not (Myosotis ), vetches (Vicia ), violets ( Viola ), Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale ) Dandelion ( leontodon ) and borage ( Borago ). However, these figures relate z.T. on growth conditions. Under farming conditions, the caterpillars ate mainly young leaves and the petals of the flowers. The caterpillars overwinter.
System
The species was described in 1775 by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermueller under the name Geometra moniliata first time. Later descriptions was as Phalaena omicata Fabricius, 1794 and Phalaena ( Geometra ) pluripunctata Scharfenberg, 1805 are junior synonyms are therefore, and probably also under Phalaena Geometra pentalineata Villers, 1789. The identity of the latter name is not yet clear.
Endangering
The species is in Germany as " critically endangered " (Category 2) classified. In Bavaria and Saxony, where the species occurred earlier, it is now extinct. In Brandenburg, it is threatened with extinction.