Idrisid dynasty

The Idrisids (Arabic الأدارسة, DMG al - Idārisa ) reigned 789-985 as one of the first Arab-Islamic dynasties restaurant in the western Maghreb, the present-day Morocco.

History

Founder of the dynasty was Idris ibn Abdallah of Prophetenabkömmling ( 789-791 ), a great-grandson of Imam Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib. He was persecuted as Shia from the Sunni Abbasids and fled 786 in the outer Maghreb, where he was received by Zenata Berbers and in Walila, the Roman Volubilis settled. Since the uprising of the Maysara the rule of the Caliphate in North Africa was already badly shaken. With the Empire of Idris I. one of the first independent Islamic states in present-day Morocco arose; the western Maghreb slipped from the control of the Abbasids.

Idris II ( 791-828 ) expanded the already created by his father military camp Fes from the residence and the new kingdom center. Due to the resettlement of refugees from Kairouan and al -Andalus ( 818), the city developed rapidly into a major center of Islamization and Arabization of North Africa. Also the Idrisids Empire was expanded through campaigns in the High Atlas and against Tlemcen, so the Idrisids before the principalities of Bargawata, the Salihiden and Miknasa and Magrawa of Sijilmasa ascended into the most important power in the region.

Under Muhammad ( 828-836 ) the kingdom between the twelve sons of Idris II was divided, whereby several rival principalities emerged, the most important in the Rif Mountains in the Ghumara Berbers. This fragmentation led to increased power struggles and to the weakening of losing important dynasty. So Yahya was first marketed IV ( 905-919 ) 920 of the Miknasa Masala ibn Habus, a governor of the Fatimids, from Fez, which was from 922 under the authority of Musa ibn Abi l - Afiya. Under this first fatimidentreuen Miknasa chief hunting was done on all Idrisids and the Dynasty 927 finally driven from their capital, Fes. The other lines, such as from Tetouan, now found themselves in the changing battle that gave the Fatimids in the aftermath of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba for supremacy over the outer Maghreb. After the victorious campaign of the Fatimid military leader Jawhar as- Siqilli ( 958-960 ) were, for example, brought several Idrisids Prince hostage to the court of al - Mansuriya, gifted by al - Muizz and sent back as loyal vassals back to Morocco. 974 is needed to al -Hasan, the last Idrisids Emir of Hajar an-Nasr, but again Abd ar -Rahman III. subject and come up with after Córdoba; after his return with Fatimid support he was 985 killed by the Umayyads.

Between 1014 and 1025 won beginning with Ali ibn al - Nasir Hammud, some descendants of the Idrisids power in the Caliphate of Córdoba; this Hammudiden ruled the taifa kingdoms of Málaga, Algeciras and Ceuta. Beginning of the 20th century there was also a branch of the Idrisids in southwest Arab Asir (see: Idrisids of Asir ). The importance of the dynasty, however, mainly in the fact that they laid the foundations for the Moroccan statehood.

Ruler list

  • Idris ibn Abdallah I. ( 789-791 )
  • Idris II ibn Idris I. ( 791-828 )
  • Muhammad ibn Idris II ( 828-836 )
  • Ali ibn Muhammad Haydara I. ( 836-849 )
  • Yahya ibn Muhammad I. ( 849-863 )
  • Yahya ibn Yahya II I. ( 863-866 )
  • Ali ibn Umar II (866 -? )
  • Yahya III. ibn al -Qasim (? -905 )
  • Yahya ibn Idris IV ( 905-919 )
  • Fatimid rule ( 922-925 )
  • Al -Hasan ibn Muhammad I. ( 925-927 )
  • Fatimid rule ( 927-938 )
  • Al -Qasim ibn Muhammad Gannun ( 937-948 )
  • Ahmad ibn al -Qasim ( 948-954 )
  • Al -Hasan ibn al -Qasim ( 954-974, first reign )
  • Umayyad rule ( 974-985 )
  • Al -Hasan ibn al -Qasim ( 985, second reign )
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