Ill (France)

The Ill in Strasbourg before St. Paul's Church

The Ill, sometimes written Jll to distinguish the leading I, is a left tributary of the Rhine with a length of almost 217 km and an average water flow of 54 m³ / s It runs completely in the Alsace region of France and is the second main river just after the border river Rhine.

A special feature of the river is the extremely strong mouth carryover basis of which flows the River Ill almost 100 km parallel to the dam bank River Rhine.

Geography

Course

The source of the Ill is located in the Jura ( Jura Pfirter ), below the sundgauischen community angle. Shortly after its origin the Ill River flows to the east. Between Raedersdorf and Oltingue, near the Swiss border, the river changes its general direction and flows up Altkirch to the northwest. The direction of flow between Altkirch and the mouth is then predominantly north-northeast, between the Rhine in the east and the Vosges mountains in the west. The Ill is then pumped through the central regions of Alsace. In Strasbourg and below split three times shorter distance tributaries from: in the old town to the north of Fossé du Faux - Rempart (false wall channel or moat ), below the old town to the west, the Aar and further illabwärts according to the amount of Strasbourg Robertsau east the Mühlwasser. Until the early 1970s led the Ill vis -à-vis of Diersheim into the Rhine. Because of Rheinaufstaus at Gambsheim the Ill had to be extended, goes into a Canal de Dérivation ( redirector ), which passes her water at the barrage Gambsheim and can flow into the Rhine on the territory of the municipality open village in the Rhine- km 311.300. Starting at La Wantzenau there is left of the Ill Backwater, bearing the name component " Rhine " Rhine Forest, Hanauer Rhine, Rhine Muehl ( here was on French maps and signs the German spelling retained). When Illverlängerung you took some already existing Altrheinarme.

Tributaries and canals

The main tributaries all flow from the left and come up with the exception of Larg, which rises as the Ill in the Jura, from the Vosges. The Ill absorbs almost all the Alsatian Vosges rivers. Its main tributaries are: Largue, Doller, Thur, leeks, fencing, watering, Andlau, Ehn and Breusch (Fr. la rupture ).

Two important channels cross the Ill: at illfurth (above Mulhouse) the pulling through the Belfort Gap Canal du Rhone au Rhin in Strasbourg and, below the old town, the leading Lorraine Canal de la Marne au Rhin.

Cities

Many important towns of Alsace are located on or near the Ill; with Mulhouse ( Mulhouse French ), Colmar and Strasbourg (Strasbourg) three of the four large and medium cities ( without Haguenau ), with Altkirch and Schlettstadt ( Sélestat ) two of the most important towns. The former residence is located on the city Ensisheim Ill.

Hydrology

At the mouth of the River Ill and the Rhine, the average river discharge ( MQ ) 53.7 m³ / s; the catchment area of ​​4760.5 km ² here.

At the level of Strasbourg, the average annual runoff volume of Ill was calculated over a period of 37 years ( 1974-2010 ). The catchment area corresponding to at this point with 4600 km ² about 97 % of the total catchment area of the river.

The river discharge varies during the year very little. The highest water levels are measured during the months of December to March. Your maximum level in the river discharge 69.4 m³ / s in February. From April to the bed month after month goes back slightly and reached its lowest level in August / September with 49.6 m³ / s, then again to slightly increase from month to month.

The monthly mean discharge ( MQ ) the Ill in m³ / s, measured at the hydrological station Strasbourg, Data from the values ​​of the years 1974-2010 Calculated:

Others

  • Intermediate angle and Ligsdorf the Ill River flows underground for about 500 meters. Reason is the percolation in water-permeable Jurassic rocks.
  • The intersection of the Ill with the Marne- Rhine Canal in Strasbourg are important European institutions: the European Parliament, the Euro Europe and the European Court of Human Rights.
  • The name of the Ill is found in the place names of the following settlements: illfurth, Illzach, Illhaeusern, Illkirch- Graffenstaden.
  • A common explanation derives the name from the Alsace Ill. As a result, those Alemanni, who settled in the Migration Period to the right and left of the Ill, as the Ill - Sassen, from which the landscape name to have originated designated.
  • In French, the river name is male.
  • Another, though shorter, yet larger creek with names Ill flows the Rhine in Vorarlberg.
Doller (river) Thur (France) Schiltigheim Brunstatt Benfeld Ostwald, Bas-Rhin Bischheim, Bas-Rhin Winkel (Haut-Rhin) Offendorf Marne–Rhine Canal Ill (Austria)
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