Ilyushin Il-12
The Ilyushin Il -12 (Russian Ильюшин Ил -12, NATO reporting name: "Coach" ) was a Soviet airliner. It was developed in 1944 as a release pattern for the Lissunow Li -2. The first flight of this type led 7 January 1946 the test pilot Konstantin Konstantinovich Kokkinaki.
History
Even during the Second World War, from about 1942, the Soviet Union was looking for a newer and more powerful successor to the Li -2, which was a licensed version of the American Douglas DC-3. Although the Il -12 is based in part on the Li -2, but has opposite her considerable design differences in suspension, wings and tail, making them more likely because is a completely new type of aircraft, a development of the Li -2.
Approximately 3000 of these aircraft were built.
Construction
The Il -12 is designed as a low-wing aircraft in total metal construction. The body has a circular cross section and is made in the half shell construction. The aircraft has a tricycle landing gear. Parking the aircraft is secured by a rear support.
The three-piece wings are executed zweiholmig and have a trapezoidal shape. For the hydrofoil Centerpiece profile Clark YH Clark was and the profile used K- 4 for the outer wing. At the trailing edges are hydraulically operated flap gap. All control surfaces have a metal structure with fabric covering. Due to a lack of directional stability during flight testing a dorsal fin was added.
It is powered by two Il- 12 radial engines Shvetsov Ash- 82FNW (2 x 1,850 hp) with four-bladed propellers AW- 9E - 91st Originally Diesel engines were provided by Tscharomski.
In later modifications de-icing systems were used for the propeller, windows, tail and engines.
Dissemination
As of 1947, the machine was used in scheduled service by the Soviet airline Aeroflot. The Il -12 was designed for 27 passengers and four crew members, but this number was later limited to 18 due to lack of engine power to 21 passengers. Mainly, the Il -12 was flown in the Soviet Union, even in the polar flying Aeroflot. In some instances it was also used in the Czechoslovak airline CSA, LOT Polish, Chinese CAAC, the Bulgarian and Romanian TABSO TAROM used.
Variants
In addition to the normal version for 27 passengers, there were also variants for 18 or 32 passengers. The transport version can be seen at the two-leaf door on the left. The version Il- 12D had on the hull of an armed turret. The Il -12T version could carry 26 fully equipped soldiers or 30 paratroopers. In the medical variant of the transport of 16 patients on stretchers and six seated patients was possible.
The Il -12 was the starting point for the development of Il- 14th