Impost (architecture)
The fighter or impost is the uppermost part of the abutment of an arch or vault.
Fighters (Latin incumba ) is called originally any special, cantilevered out from the wall, load bearing stone ( abutment ), such as when he wears a bar or when fighters window.
Construction
The fighter rests on a pillar or the capital of a column or jumping out of the wall.
- In a column acts as a fighter in general, the cover plate on the capital which is called in the classic ancient order of columns as the abacus. Often, however, lies on the abacus still a frieze and an entablature, so that only about touches the arc. In the late ancient Christian architecture of the fighters is formed into a separate block to the capital. This is trapezoidal shaped as a rule, thus relieving the corners of the underlying capitals. If fighter profile and capital consist of a single piece, this static -constructive total of fighters, formal - aesthetic but a distinction between combatants plate and capital.
- A lying in a wall fighter can step forward as a corbel or impost, from the wall. Become profiled fighters like a cornice applied continuously, so they form a impost.
- Be distinguished from combatants is the Gewölbefuß or a beginner, the first Wölbstein the yoke above the springing line. Occasionally, this stone is referred to as a fighter of the arch, since it rests on the fighters ( which can lead to confusion Fighter stone with the fighters themselves ). When one speaks of the Gratgewölben Gratstein.
Ornamental training
The fighters will be left smooth or profiled, and then " speak a certain separation between the abutment and arch ". The Byzantine fighters are high blocks. The Romanesque designed the fighter similar to the capitals of ornamental or figuratively. In the Gothic period the Kelchknospenkapitell the fighter disappears almost completely. The Renaissance returns to the fighter training of the ancient orders of columns.
View from above: fighter essay on Akanthuskapitell in the Highest Justinuskirche
Capital with fighters in the collegiate church of Quedlinburg
Romanesque pillar bundle with all-round fighter ( Porch of the monastery church Denkendorf )
Highlighted fighters as a profiled cornice