Indian national calendar

The Indian National Calendar was developed after independence of India and introduced on 22 March 1957.

  • 3.1 The beginning of the month
  • 3.2 The monthly length
  • 3.3 The name of the month

History

When India gained its independence in 1947, had to be created from the many individual states, a single state. To this end, among other things, a uniform calendar should contribute. There is a committee was appointed to the calendar reform, which analyzed more than 30 different calendars in his report and then prepare the national calendar. The new calendar should:

  • Be free of colonial influences.
  • Be free from Islamic influences.
  • Can be accepted in all states.
  • Reveal Indian origin.

The year

  • The year is a tropical year.
  • The year begins at the time of the vernal equinox.
  • The common year consists of 365 days, a leap year of 366 days.
  • The leap day is added to the first month.

The annual count

The years are numbered sequentially according to the Saka era ( AS). This count is linked to the ancient era, the one completed years and already by Indian astronomers with the times (1st Chaitra 0 AS ) March 15, 78 AD or 1749621 Julian day count was used.

The beginning of the year

The year begins at the time of the vernal equinox with the month of Chaitra.

The circuit

The year has a length of 365 days. However, since the tropical year currently has a length of 365.242177 days, an additional leap day should be about every four years are inserted, to coincide with the seasons. In leap year the month of Chaitra is extended by 1 day to 31 days. The leap years are linked to the leap year of the Gregorian calendar. One counts added to the Indian year 78 and applies the switching rules of the Gregorian calendar: Leap years are all years, the year is divisible by 4 with no remainder, with the exception of full centuries; these are only a leap year if the year without rest is divisible by 400. What data of the Indian National calendar shift compared to the Gregorian calendar in leap year, can be seen in the following table:

The accuracy

With a length of 146 097 days in 400 years, the calendar is calculated to 0.123792 days longer than 400 tropical years the length 365.24219052 ( early 2000 ) and would thus shift in about 3200 years, one day compared to the astronomical beginning of spring.

The month

The beginning of the month

The month begins approximately with the entry of the Sun into a new zodiac sign.

The monthly length

Since the orbit of the Earth around the Sun is an ellipse, the sun takes different lengths of time in their apparent path through the ecliptic for each zodiac sign. In 1950 there were the following times:

From these values, the length of each month has been derived.

The month names

The names of the months are the traditional names of the months of the lunar calendar. The individual months of the year have the following names and number of days:

The days of the month are counted 1-30 and 31 respectively.

The week

The weekly schedule is Babylonian- Greek origin. The seven days of the week, read:

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