Indian reserve

As Indian reserves, Canadian Indian Reserves are designated.

Term

Occasionally, the term Indian part is replaced by Native, or First Nation. First Nation, in turn, is sometimes equated with the corresponding reserve.

For further conceptual differentiation, the fact that the area of a single stock, which is called the reserve, often consisting of several tracts of land, which in turn are referred to as reserves.

Structure and distribution

615 recognized First Nations in Canada have approximately 3,000 reserves. Here, the tribal ownership is highly fragmented, especially in British Columbia. 198 strains have 1702 reservations. In Ontario, located 139 tribes spread over 206 reserves in Saskatchewan 70 to 602, 63 to 195 in Manitoba, Alberta 48 to 137, in Quebec 39 strains at 44 reserves in the Northwest Territories 26 strains at 29 reserves in the Yukon 18 strains on 15 reserves in New Brunswick 15 to 26, in Nova Scotia 13 to 39 and finally in Newfoundland and Labrador 3 strains to 3 reserves and on Prince Edward Iceland 2 strains on four reserves.

History

The first reserve, the area was introduced by the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which ought to be reserved to the Indians Indian War British North America after the end of the French and. It ranged from Florida and New Orleans, Louisiana east of the Mississippi and west of the Appalachian Mountains, and included large parts of present-day Canada north of the Great Lakes and south of Rupert's Land. Then there was a buffer between the Province of Québec and Rupert's Land from Lake Nipissing to Newfoundland.

Legal

Subsequent to the corresponding Indian Act, the Indian Act, an Indian reserve is a piece of land, it was lawfully owned by the British royal family for the use and benefit of an Indian tribe (band) is separated ( set apart ). Also state that has not been separated from the crown can be described as a reserve.

Since this is basically to tribal land in the reserves in Canada, this may not be assigned to non- tribal members, lent, are still encumbered. It can not be expropriated or confiscated. Since a considerable part of economic processes based on credit, but these are secured by land and house ownership, owners of reserve base can gain only indirectly mortgages. Through the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Indians can join a Trust, which in turn gives loans to build or renovate houses can. The second possibility is not to secure mortgages through real estate ownership, but to let the pledging of the government.

The expropriation or reduction of reserves can only be made on the basis of a law, but this is often already occurred. Above all resource companies are preferred by the legislation of the Provinces.

Reserve land and personal property of the tribes are free of taxes. Nevertheless, companies, unlike in Canada widespread assumptions, not tax-free. The limited sovereignty of First Nations has meant that tobacco and other highly taxed goods are cheaper to buy here because they are subject to a lower tax. In addition, laws, for example, prohibit smoking, here without the consent of the tribal bodies valid.