Injury Severity Score
The Injury Severity Score (ISS ) is an anatomical severity of injury table to classify the severity of a violation. Valuation basis is the respective probability of survival in the individual injuries according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale simplified injury scale. The ISS table includes values between (and including ) 0 and 75
In particular the modern polytrauma definitions are based on the ISS.
Calculation
The ISS - table uses the AIS90/98-Code (only with the forms 1-6) as a proxy for the degree of injury and the Anatomical Localizer of AIS90/98 for the assignment of the injury to a body region. It should be noted that the definitions of body regions of the AIS90/98 from those of the ISS differ significantly: the spine and spinal cord do not form a separate region of the body more, but be on the particular body region in which they are divided. Lesions of the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue ( abrasions, bruises and cuts) are not body region based as opposed to AIS90/98-Identifier, but encoded as " External Injuries".
The six ISS body regions are:
Be seen, the maximum values of the codes for the AIS 6 ISS - body regions. According to first description of the ISS is formed as the sum of the squares of the 3 highest AIS98 codes of ISS body region values , but here are should be noted:
AIS only codes from 0 to 5 actually Accordingly flow into the calculation; the ISS can therefore assume numerical values of 1 (for a single, very minor injury ) to a maximum of 75 points ( in polytrauma patients). In an ISS value of 15 is called a multiple trauma.
Assessment
The weaknesses of the ISS are that only one AIS code per body region and a maximum of 3 body regions are taken into account. A systematic review of more than three relevant injured body regions, in severe craniocerebral trauma with more than one type of injury (eg, while cerebral hemorrhage, contusion and cerebral edema ) or in several serious injuries to the extremities is thus inevitable. The ISS is inferior to newer scores, but it is still the world 's most widely used score to assess the overall severity of injury.
New Injury Severity Score ( NISS )
Under the premise of a better correlation of the evaluation measure with the Polytraumatisierung of patients in the " New Injury Severity Score" ( NISS ) has been proposed. This also excludes patients with an AIS code of 9, however, is not to form the maximum values for the body. There are simply squared and added, respectively, the three largest AIS98 codes. About the benefits and superiority of the NISS compared with the ISS there are divided opinions.