Innocenzo Manzetti
Innocenzo Manzetti ( born March 17, 1826 at Aosta Valley; † March 17, 1877 ) was an Italian scientist. According to some sources he was the forerunner of the modern phone.
Even at a young age he was interested in physics. In 1849 he realized a very progressive for his time machine, which played using a complex pneumatic system flute. The goal of Manzetti was to bring the machine to speak, what attracted the attention of many scientists from other nations. In the meantime, he realized numerous other mechanical equipment: In 1857, he developed a pasta machine, for which he also got a patent. In 1864 he realized the first steam - car, with which one could drive on roads.
The phone
1844 Manzetti postulated that there is the possibility to realize a telegraph. Early 60s Manzetti again started working on his speech telegraph. From 1864 to 1865 he created an electrical apparatus, which was able to transmit the human voice over a quarter of a mile. The apparatus was considerably improved so that he was introduced in the summer of 1865 the press. Newspapers all over the world gave first announced that it was now possible to transmit the human word over long distances by means of an electrical apparatus. The then unknown Antonio Meucci, who emigrated to America, had come also to anything like it. A few months later, after Meucci read of Manzettis invention, he did write in an American newspaper, "I can not deny the invention of Mr. Manzetti " and described once its prototype of a telephone apparatus, which was much less perfect than that of Manzetti: When Meucci telephone company was forced to put a clamp between the teeth while you already could speak freely with a handset with the phone of Manzetti. Because of the expensive patent Manzetti could not patent his invention. Meucci, however, patented his invention, but only got a provisional patent, which he had to constantly renew. In 1871 he wanted to renew his patent, but because he could not muster the required sum, the patent in 1873 it ran out. This opportunity took advantage of Alexander Graham Bell, in order to claim a patent on his telephone.
On 14 February 1876, the American Alexander Graham Bell claimed the patent for yourself. In the following years, a real debate about the true inventor of the telephone was born. Finally, Bell won and could therefore benefit from the only patent. Decades later, there was still doubt. It was felt that the inventor law should be awarded before Meucci or Bell Manzetti. Through the research work of Basilio Catania, which the Italian Federation of Electrical Engineering made their own, to an international discussion about the final right of the patent was placed in the round. On 11 June 2002, the Congress of the United States of America decided that if Meucci had had the money to pay the " caveat ", Alexander Graham Bell had the patent may not buy ( decision 269). Furthermore, the invention of the telephone Antonio Meucci should be awarded.
On 11 June 2002 Antonio Meucci was still awarded by the House of Representatives of the U.S. Congress of the United States a patent for the invention of the telephone. Manzettis contribution to the invention of the phone is from today's perspective is invaluable. Although he was the first who could transmit the human voice by means of electrical apparatus at a distance, since he never owned a patent for his telephone, he is still regarded only as a pioneer of the phone.