Insight

Insight means in everyday language, properties, and relationships of an object region with sufficient accuracy, spiritual captured and understood to have factually correct. As a result of the combination of conscious perceptions and considerations insight is the result of an analytical- synthetical cognition process. By other means coming into being, then often " flash " insights are experienced in everyday psychology a special intellectual property, namely the "intuition" attributed. Historically, other explanations of the conclusion of insights are known in primitive peoples, for example, as inner, sometimes probably visionary experienced advice or instructions from ancestors, as " inspiration " good or sacred spirits as advice helpful gods and a divine " enlightenment " or " revelation " banal but also as a simple " incident ".

As a technical term psychological insight also referred to the sudden recognition of solving a problem or the solution path for a practical task, sometimes the sudden recognition of " forms" and other related elements of (mostly visual ) perception. Colloquially, it is often a " teachable moment " is mentioned, a term coined by the German-speaking psychologists and linguist Karl Bühler.

As a special behavioral psychology term " insight" first introduced in the psychology of thinking by Wolfgang Köhler ( 1887-1967 ). Therefore, the German word is also in the English-language literature frequently used, otherwise terms like insight, eureka moment or lightbulb moment, whereby one thinks of the cartoon image of a light bulb suddenly illuminated.

Problems that are solvable by inspection, consist of a single step solution, but which is difficult to see. In particular, Karl Duncker has to carried out numerous behavioral experiments. When problem solving, there is a time in which you apparently ( observable) does nothing. This is the time after the detection of the problem (or failure of the first incorrect solution attempts) until the moment at which one believes to have found a solution, ie, a " teachable moment " had. In this phase, running cognitive restructuring processes, it may be thought, imagined something or it can be combined perceptual and memory contents, so that may arises an idea or reorganization of knowledge. Earlier this period was sometimes referred to as " incubation ".

If apart from the traditional gestalt theory interpretation so can be quite a common problem -solving behavior always as insightful indicate if the actual solution implementation is preceded by a phase of internal system and usually vorerfahrungsfreien organization of behavior on the basis of sensory stimulus processing, adapted as its result a problem-solving situation solution occurs.

As a characteristic observable characteristics, constitute the criteria insightful behavior:

  • The sudden appearance of the solution
  • The unity of the action sequence during the solution implementation
  • The substitutability of resources in structurally analogous situations
  • The originality of the solution
  • The immediate reproducibility of the solution even with the greatest temporal distance

These are also the characteristics that distinguish and differentiate this type of behavior from trial and error behavior.

As part of the primary theory insights are a quasi- automatic process that occurs when early mental blockades by a primal experience (ie, the feeling of " Urschmerzen " ) are resolved.

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