Institutional racism
As an institutional racism (also: structural racism) are referred to racism emanating from institutions of society, by its laws, standards and internal logic, of how actors within the institutions act independently intentionally or not. It can be understood as a contrast to the human racism, which expresses itself in prejudice or violence, for example, in the everyday racism and right-wing extremism.
Institutional racism experienced by people exclusion, discrimination or a reduction in socially relevant facilities such as:
- In political participation ( voting rights, lack of representation in political institutions )
- In the education system
- On the labor market
- On the housing market
- As victims of racial profiling
History
The term was first in 1967 by Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton in " Black Power " is used, a fundamental work of the black movement. Since this form of racism is not necessarily a racial term basis, this can often be spoken of a racism without races. The psychologist Ute Osterkamp notes, " that racist thinking and acting are not located matter of personal preferences of individuals, but in the organization of social interaction, which systematically privilege the members of their own group compared to the non- belonging to this community. "
Studies
In their study of institutional discrimination Mechthild Gomolla and Frank -Olaf Radtke have found that poorer knowledge of German immigrant children in Germany frequently lead to the fact that they are inappropriately placed in special schools, a school form creates the generally poorer conditions for later in life. Also in the school career recommendation (the foundation for the transition to secondary school ) they are made tends to be worse due to the institutional logic.
Intersectional differences
According Cátia Candeias showed differences when the overlap ( technical term: intersections ) of racism and gender consider. Men erführen rather a Institutionalised discrimination, women are more likely an interpersonal discrimination.
Institutional racism in Germany
Githu Muigai visited in 2009, the UN Special Rapporteur on Racism, Germany and criticized shortcomings in the fight against everyday racism in politics and society. So going in Germany still racism equated with right and thus not sufficiently recognized. Here similar shortcomings as effective as the institutional racism in Germany are: " police, authorities and courts need to do something ." As a step in the right direction, the UN Special Rapporteur described the introduction of the General Equal Treatment Act ( AGG). However, the law is still in need of reform. Muigai also called for better staffing of the Anti -Discrimination Agency. They also criticized the low presence of people of color in the public life of the republic and their low political participation. A detailed report was presented in February 2010. With Muigai visited after 14 years for the first time a UN Special Rapporteur on Racism, the Federal Republic of Germany.