Intelligentsia

The word intelligentsia (Russian интеллигенция ) stands for the social category of the intelligentsia - professional groups, primarily in Russia and the USSR; dependent on accurate term deferrals there are significant differences to the concept of the intellectual. In German is synonymous with other terms Russian intelligence or simply intelligence are related, even the English transcription intelligentsia is sometimes used in German texts.

Coined the term in the 1860s by the Russian journalist Pyotr Dmitrievich Boborykin. The intelligentsia was the social class of people who are not " wise, understanding, knowing, thinking and working creatively on a professional level and contribute to the development and dissemination of culture. " Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev took the concept further later significantly, he reckoned representatives educated layers ( such as the peasantry ) for intelligentsia, unless they actively took part in public life.

Sociology

The intelligence as a term for the totality of all educated was first used in 1844 in the Polish Karol Libelt, 1846 in Russian by Vissarion Grigoryevich Belinsky, the Germans later on, inter alia, Karl Kautsky, Karl Marx, Hugo Ball ( criticism of the German intelligence) and Adolf Hitler. The intelligentsia as a social layer to 1990 was an integral part of a communist society shaped understanding. In the GDR, was understood as intelligence, also known as brain workers or intellectuals end, the totality of all persons with a university or technical college degree. In western Germany, where the term also gained wide circulation, intelligence competes still using the older term intellectual or with academics or even appears as a sociological technical term in the form of Slavic intelligentsia.

In the Soviet Union, the intelligentsia typically consisted of engineers, teachers and other academics whose circumstances with those of the working class were comparable to or slightly better.

See also Free-floating intelligence, technical intelligence