Interaction Design

Interaction Design or IxD (German: interaction design ) refers to the design of the function of the behavior and the final design of products and systems. Also the design of interaction processes within an organization is assigned to this area. An interaction designer designed all that the user sees, hears and feels when it interacts with an application or a terminal. So this raises the question of what new forms of interaction beyond conventional input devices such as mouse, keyboard and touch screen make sense for an interaction, inter alia, so-called tangible user interfaces ( TUI) to be developed. Interaction design is a relatively new design discipline in the late 1980s as part of the graphical user interfaces (GUI ) was created as a separate design discipline in life. Prior to the coming of the computer science subject area of Human Computer Interaction (HCI ), and that were found from the ergonomics and psychology discipline of human factors to the design of human -machine interface employed.

  • 3.1 Social interaction design
  • 3.2 Emotional interaction design
  • 5.1 BA study programs
  • 5.2 MA study programs
  • 5.3 Other

Connection to the User Interface Design

Interaction design is often associated with interface design (including screen design ) or the User Experience Design in conjunction. Here, interaction design reinforced ( for example mobile phone, navigation device, laptop ) deals with the development of the dialogue between man and machine across a period of time. Both disciplines are difficult to separate from each other, because each interaction designers developed at the end usually also an interface. This Experience value is placed during the design process on a user-centered design of the so-called User. The user interface is an artifact that does not necessarily have visual or haptic nature, but merely provides the user with the opportunity to interact. As a concrete example of the interaction design can be seen as an interactive voice response system, which does not require interface design ( not the existing graphical user interface). Interface design is the design of the component within the sensory interaction, and the interaction itself.

Interactivity is not bound to new technologies. People interact with each other since time immemorial. Therefore, interaction design may include the development of solutions for services and processes are seen. Here, for example, product designers like Dieter Rams (former chief designer of Braun) since the 50's interactions with their products ( pocket radio, television, record player, etc. ) have created without refer to these activities as interaction design. Due to the ever increasing demands on increasingly complex communication systems of the modern period, the establishment of a specialized design discipline was necessary.

Scientific methods

Interaction Designer pursue within their design process most similar approaches to a solution, but never THE solution to find for a specific problem. Designers create early prototypes (simulations, interactive demos or controls ) to their concept with the help of users to further verify the following for their applicability. Within the interaction design, there are thus six main points, which can vary depending on the user feedback and frequency of iteration.

1 Search

About observation, interviews, questionnaires, and similar applications and products, the designers are trying their user and his ( socio - cultural ) environment to explore then to find the best design solution for the problem to find out more about him.

2 Analysis and Design

Based on the research, the latest technological possibilities and economic principles Interaction designer develop initial concepts for new software applications, devices, services and systems. This process often requires multiple passes of creativity techniques (brainstorming, semantic intuition, method 635, etc.), discussions and suggestions for improvement. In order to understand the requirements and any restrictions the user to design the designers about 5-10 personas ( user profiles) for their concept. Then called scenarios are developed for these personas are used in the fictitious users. Related use cases are defined (also known as use cases ), are inserted in the then best personas. These processes are initially recorded as mock- ups and later possibly made ​​tangible via animation in order to imagine the future interaction sequence of the user with the device or application.

After the analysis of user requirements, the designers make a detailed summary that addresses all aspects of the problem. Subsequently, a vision statement is written in which all current and future project goals are defined. This target definition is the basic statement to the following during the project phase can be used again and again during the project.

3 Creation of design options and evaluation

After a clear problem has been defined, the designer begins variants using early prototypes (screen flows, paper prototypes, etc.) to develop, support the concept and idea. The proposed solutions are evaluated retrospectively. The best results are applied in a new solution in each case. The result should now fulfill as many of the requirements. Tools for visualizing the correlations here are hierarchical models or class diagrams.

4 prototyping and usability testing

Interaction Designers use a variety of prototyping techniques in order to review its concept. These can be broadly classified into three categories. Some are intended to reflect the role and function of the product, while others aim to have the "look and feel " can be experienced and the latter in turn are intended to show the feasibility of the application. Prototypes can be configured physical or digital, sketchy or extremely detailed. There are horizontal prototypes that demonstrate the functionality of the application or vertical prototypes that can demonstrate the depth of application.

5 Implementation and Implementation

Interaction Designer must be integrated during the implementation (for example, by programmers, media technicians and electrical engineers ) in the process to monitor the proper implementation of its conception. Often occur within this phase of the project nor changes, which must be implemented by the designer immediately. The designer also needs to be informed of any change.

6 Final test run

After the application or the device is created, often followed by a further round of testing ( usability and bug - testing). Ideally, the Interaction Designer will monitor this process to make necessary modifications can.

Other focal points of interaction design

Social interaction design

Social Interaction Design ( SxD ) increases due to the ever- expanding network of computer-based media. Mobile devices, navigation devices and other digital helpers, from computers to game consoles to facilitate the ability to communicate globally with other people anytime, anywhere. Social Interaction Design deals with the interaction between users and their devices, as well as users interact with each other. The dynamic trend (whether spoken or written procedure ) during an interpersonal communication developed and pragmatics, with a discussion and interaction are performed, are now also issues that need to be considered in the use of socially - networked technologies. These factors have been described so far undetermined in the theory of rational decision of the cognitive sciences and sociology, psychology and anthropology.

Emotional interaction design

Throughout the design process, interaction designer must not only pay attention to the pure usability. Rather, it 's about addressing the user not only rational, but also emotional. The demand for devices where the interaction rather than frustration joy raises is critical to the success of a product. In order to access the user's emotion, including positive, negative, motivational, assistive, learning, creative, social and compelling aspects play a role. To illustrate these aspects requires a particularly expressive interfaces, which, for example, in the screen design can be given via dynamic icons, animations, and audio overlays. This will help to convey the current status of the system and give the user the feeling of being in control. A classic example is to minimize a window in Apple OSX. Through a short, funnel-shaped reduction of the window for filing out is presented to the user that his window is now in minimized form in the dock. This detail is animated aesthetic and helps the user to process comprehensible to let. Exactly these design details allow a device or application appear desirable (Charles Eames: "The details are not the details, the details are the design" ). Also design parameters such as font, color, shape, size, brightness, etc. have a bearing on whether the product is perceived emotionally positive. Studies have shown that emotional aspects affect the usability of products crucial. Theories such as the "emotional design model" by Don Norman, Patrick Jordan's " pleasure model" and McCarthy and Wright 's "technology as experience framework" is already busy with the emotional aspect in the design of interactive artifacts.

History

The term interaction design was first mentioned by Bill Moggridge and Bill Verplank late 80s. For Verplank it was an adaptation of the computer science concept of user interface design by industrial designer. For Moggridge, there was an improvement of soft -face, a notion the he mounted in 1984 to describe the design of products with integrated software ( Moggridge 2006).

Gillian Crampton -Smith established in 1989 the Master course Interaction Design at the Royal College of Art, London ( previously known as " computer-related design" and now known as "design interactions" ). In 2001, she was at the origin of the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea involved. A small college in northern Italy, which exclusively dealt with interaction design. One of the most popular products that emerged from this study program, for example, the microcontroller Arduino, which was named in place after the only local. The Domus Academy bought in October 2005, the Institute, and moved its headquarters to Milan, but by the then teachers are there no more. But have since many other universities worldwide interaction design courses established. So you can purchase in Germany at the Hochschule für Gestaltung in Schwäbisch Gmünd in the course of interaction design or at the FH Potsdam in the degree program interface design his Bachelor of Arts or available at the Furtwangen University Master of Arts in the Faculty of Design Interactive Media. At the Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design (Denmark ) and at the Umea Institute of Design (Sweden) and master's degree programs have been established recently.

Colleges and universities with a focus on Interaction Design

BA study programs

  • Interactive Media Design - The focus in the study program Digital Media at the University of Darmstadt
  • BA Digital Media - The emphasis in the study program Digital Media at the University of the Arts Bremen, Germany
  • "Human - Computer Interaction " in the BSc study program "Information Engineering" - University of Konstanz
  • Interaction Design - University of Applied Sciences Munich
  • Interaction Design - Zurich University of the Arts
  • Interaction Design (BA) - Berlin Technical Art School
  • Interaction Design BA in Industrial Design - University of Magdeburg- Stendal
  • Interaction design - HfG Schwäbisch Gmünd
  • Information Design ( B. A. ) - Stuttgart Media University
  • Interface Design - Interaction Design Lab, University of Applied Sciences Potsdam
  • Interface Design (BA) - Merz Academy - College of Design Stuttgart
  • Media & Interaction Design - University of Osnabrück
  • Major field of study Interaction Design - HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hildesheim / Holzminden / Göttingen
  • Combined BA Design Interactive Media - University of Wuppertal

MA study programs

  • EMMA MA ID - European Media Masters in Interaction Design - University of Art and Design Utrecht
  • "Human - Computer Interaction " in the MSc study program "Information Engineering" - University of Konstanz
  • MA Design Interactions - Royal College of Art ( RCA), London, UK
  • MA Design Interactive Media - University of Furtwangen, Germany
  • MA Digital Media - The emphasis in the study program Digital Media at the University of the Arts Bremen, Germany
  • Interaction Design MA - Umea School of Design, Umeå University, Sweden
  • Interaction Design MA - University of Magdeburg- Stendal, Germany
  • MA Interaction Design - School of Arts and Communication ( K3), Malmö University, Sweden
  • Interaction Design MA - University of Sydney, Australia
  • MA Interaction - IAD Zurich University of the Arts, Switzerland
  • MA Interface Design - Muthesius Academy of Kiel, Germany
  • MA Media & Interaction Design - FH Joanneum, Austria
  • MA Media Design - Art Center College of Design ( ACCD ), Pasadena, USA
  • MA in Interaction Design - Interaction Design Centre, University of Limerick, Ireland
  • Master of Advanced Studies part-time in Human Computer Interaction Design & Interdisciplinary Studies at the universities Rapperswil & Basel, Switzerland
  • Master of Design in Interaction Design - School of Design, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA
  • Master's degree program of study with the communication design, product design, interface design in the Department of Design University of Applied Sciences Potsdam
  • M.Sc.Interactive Media - FH Upper Austria, Campus Hagenberg, Austria
  • M.Sc. Applied Cognition and Media Science, Human Computer Interaction Specialization University of Duisburg-Essen
  • M.Sc. Interaction Design - Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
  • M.Sc. Human- computer interaction - Ludwig- Maximilians- Universität_München, Germany

Other

  • Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design ( CIID )
  • Interactive Telecommunications Program - Tisch School of the Arts
  • Interactive Product Futures - Ravensbourne College of Design and Communication
Human–computer interaction Human factors and ergonomics Persona (marketing) Scenario (disambiguation) Paper Prototyping Hierarchical database model Jef Raskin Alan Cooper
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