Intercultural philosophy

The term intercultural philosophy designates its own school of thought in philosophy, which explicitly takes into account different philosophical cultures ( interculturality ).

Here, three major lines of argument can be distinguished:

Methodologically the attempt to privilege not a concept system and be embraced particularistic hermeneutical presuppositions.

The foundation of intercultural philosophy, therefore, includes a discussion of the results from such an approach practical, methodological, epistemological and epistemological problems, and that forms the basis of the ligand terms.

Approach

Concerns and epistemological foundations

The result is the intercultural philosophy the late 80s and early 90s of the 20th century mainly because of the insight into the challenges of ( neoliberal ) economic and political globalization and its tendency to ( cultural ) unification and the increasing encounters and conflicts of cultures. Primarily, the necessity of cultural exchange is emphasized, which, inter alia, in view of the philosophy with the basic assumption of contextuality and cultural dependency every thought and every philosophy is founded, which excludes non-universal elements in them ( which is why some intercultural philosopher search for " transcultural overlaps ." That is why privileging any particular form of philosophical assumptions or practices. , as the word element ' inter " shows ( between ), a conversation between different cultures or philosophical positions is sought. central issues are overcoming Eurocentrism (as, for example, clearly shows in Kant or Hegel's assessment of non-European philosophies ), a correction of the postmodern fragmentation of the reason, an overcoming of cultural relativism (because this is based on an isolationist cultural understanding ), to promote dialogue between philosophical cultures, promote the development of contextual philosophies etc. Two in the target expectations different conceptual approaches can be distinguished:

Ram Adhar Mall, for example, characterizes the intercultural approach as follows: It would outmoded " monocultural centered " Euro-centric one-sided "Images" overcome, neither with regard to the history of philosophy; in their place would replace a variety of philosophical cultures that ( potentially) each offer their own solutions to specific problems; they were basically equal; cultural pluralism is understood (if any) a conflict indicator; it will in any case not privileged certain system of concepts; it was not about uniformity, but rather in a " many names " scheduled generating unit to which the many philosophies have ways; It will be targeted at harmonizing concepts and " audible " the omnipresence of a philosophia perennis in many races, cultures and languages. This is intercultural philosophy is a necessary condition for the possibility of comparative philosophy, which can be more than " a mere juxtaposition ". With similar expectations Gregor Paul formulated his programmatic approach.

Such a unit reference does not exist for Raúl Fornet- Betancourt ( Raimon Panikkar or ); this understands its approach intercultural philosophy in conscious dismissal of a comparative philosophy that always have philosophies on the subject, while he wants to overcome such comparisons and works with the aim " to realize philosophy in the sense of constantly open process in which the philosophical experience of the together all humanity again and again and learn to live together. " In this respect he is concerned critical orifice and relativize one's own tradition and culture by getting to know the otherness and more accurate self-knowledge. Conditions of an intercultural dialogue were a consciousness of the cultural relativity of each speech. Universality must be understood in the sense of Sartre so that these will be configured by a dialectic of subjectivities. Universal is therefore singulated per se, so you can not " in universality ". Conversely, let Singular extent universal, as subjectivity is permanently in an open moment of the constitution and totalization of meaning in the cultures and the overall process of human history. Is anthropological invariant only this, that every human source of externality and uncertainty is and cares about its own non- alienated freedom in his " subjective reflection ." This close an obligation to rational justification of existence, especially the thinking and actions of himself and others.

Methods

One of the best known representatives of " intercultural philosophy " is the philosopher Franz Martin Wimmer. This describes his motivation to the effect that at any substantive issue as many traditions were to be considered; Wimmer speaks of " Polylog " (Greek poly = many, large logos = ua speech, thought).

Historical Philosophical Foundations

Hegel's philosophy of history went from one mediated by the absolute reason necessary progress in the consciousness of freedom from a world history. This assumption is shared by Franz Martin Wimmer and Ram Adhar Mall, but understood that the history of thought " transcultural ' overlaps ' " having in the sense that " well-founded theories have been developed in more than one cultural tradition. " Raúl Fornet- Betancourt takes a unit such reference or such concordant unit goal is not to.

Practical and philosophical conditions

The practical and philosophical foundations of intercultural philosophy is influenced by her attempt to treat other cultures and philosophies unprejudiced as principle of equal and tolerant. The latter emphasizes, for example, Hamid Reza Yousefi. In his work " Interculturalism and history " means Yousefi interculturality as the name of a " theory and practice, as their support is concerned with the historical and contemporary relationship of all cultures and of people based on their complete equivalence. Consists of a scientific discipline if they studied methodically this theory and practice. " In this sense, he distinguishes between a historical, systematic and comparative interculturality. At this preconception Yousefi bases his view of intercultural philosophy. He sees this as the name of an epistemological form of thought, which in his view includes all forms of thought, speech and action in theory and practice of history and the present.

Some approaches of intercultural philosophy refer to discussions difference term, as they are found in Theodor W. Adorno, Emmanuel Levinas, Gilles Deleuze, and others.